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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compound Light Microscopy |
objective lens x ocular lens = total magnification |
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Ocular Lens |
Remagnifies the image formed by the objective lens At the top of the microscope, the eyepiece |
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Body Tube |
Transmits the image from the objective lends to the ocular lens objective > ocular |
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Objective Lens |
Primary lenses that magnify the specimen (the one that rotates) |
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Stage |
Holds the microscope slide in position |
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Condenser |
Focuses light through the specimen |
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Diaphragm |
Controls the amount of light entering the condenser |
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Illuminator |
Light source |
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Stain |
Colorizing a sample with a dye to view it through a microscope |
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Chromophore |
Stains that are salt composed of a positive and a negative ion one of which is colored |
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Acidic Dye |
Negative ions Less common Include negrosin, India ink
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Basic Dye |
Positive ions Include, crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green, safrinin, cobalfuchsin |
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Mordant |
Intensifies the stain
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Negative staining |
Staining the background instead of the cell |
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Simple Stain |
To view shape, size and arrangement Single basic dye Stain is applied, washed and dried |
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Differential Stains |
Used to distinguish between bacteria Gram and Acid Fast |
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Gram Stain |
Positive or negative Positive cells have a thick peptidogylcan cell wall 1. Primary Stain (purple) 2. Mordant (purple) 3. Decolorizing (colorless) 4. Counterstain (red) (+) cells are purple (-) cells are red |
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Acid Fast Stain (Ziehl- Neelsen) |
Stains cells that have mycolic acid in their cell walls (waxy) Used to detect tuberculosis and leprosy 1. Carbolfuchsin (red) added to stain and heated 2. Treated with decolorizer (cells that turn colorless are acid fast) 3. Counterstain, methylene blue (non acid fast cells turn blue)
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Special Stains |
Capsule Stain Endospore Stain Flagella Stain |
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Capsule Stain |
Negative Staining Capsule= gelatinous covering Capsule determines cells virulance Nigrosin added, repeled by cells but stains background Safrinin added to stain cells, capsules remain colorless and appear as a halo |
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Endospore Staining (Scharffer- Fulton) |
Regular dyes cannot penetrate endospore Stain (malachite green) added and heated Stain washed to remove dye Safrinin added to counterstain Result is a green cell within a red/pink cell |
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Flagella Staining |
Difficult to stain flagella Locomotion to small to be seen w/o staining Mordant and carbolfuchsin to build up diameter of flagella until visible (not iodine, potassium aluminum.. maroon color) Shows the arrangement of flagella |
