Chapter 3- Medical Terminology

Front 1

cell

Back 1

fundamental unit of all living matter

Front 2

three parts of a cell

Back 2

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Front 3

DNA

Back 3

deoxyribonucleic acid- material in cells that contain genetic information

Front 4

stem cells

Back 4

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells

Front 5

somatic cell

Back 5

all the cells of the body except sex cells, each of these cells has 23 pairs of chromosomes

Front 6

som(a)/ somat(o)

Back 6

body

Front 7

down syndrome

Back 7

having an extra chromosome 21, congenital defect or chromosomal abnormality that results in varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defect

Front 8

genes

Back 8

biological unit of inheritance

Front 9

genetic disorder

Back 9

disease or condition that is determined by one's genes or a change in the number or structure of the chromosomes.

Front 10

levels of the body's organiszational structure from simplest to complex

Back 10

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, total organism

Front 11

tissue

Back 11

group of cells that have similar structure and function as a unit

Front 12

epithelial tissue

Back 12

forms the covering of body surfaces, both inside and on the surface of the body

Front 13

connective tissue

Back 13

supports and binds other body tissues and parts, bone and fat

Front 14

nervous tissue

Back 14

coordinates and controls many body activities; it is found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Front 15

muscle tissue

Back 15

produces movement, and example is skeletal muscle that makes bending of the arm possible

Front 16

mono-

Back 16

one

Front 17

uni-

Back 17

one

Front 18

bi-

Back 18

two

Front 19

di-

Back 19

two

Front 20

tri-

Back 20

three

Front 21

quad-

Back 21

four

Front 22

quadri-

Back 22

four

Front 23

tetra-

Back 23

four

Front 24

centi-

Back 24

one hundred or one hundredth

Front 25

deci-

Back 25

one tenth

Front 26

milli-

Back 26

one thousandth

Front 27

ana-

Back 27

excessive, upward or again

Front 28

diplo-

Back 28

double

Front 29

hemi-

Back 29

half, partly

Front 30

semi-

Back 30

half, partly

Front 31

hyper-

Back 31

excessive, more than normal

Front 32

hypo-

Back 32

beneath or below normal

Front 33

multi-

Back 33

many

Front 34

poly-

Back 34

many

Front 35

nulli-

Back 35

none

Front 36

pan-

Back 36

all

Front 37

primi-

Back 37

first

Front 38

super-

Back 38

excessive

Front 39

ultra-

Back 39

excessive

Front 40

monocyte

Back 40

special type of white blood cell that have one nucleus

Front 41

bifocal

Back 41

lens in glassed or contact lenses has one part of the lens for near vision and the other part for distant vision

Front 42

centigrade

Back 42

temperature scale where 0 is freezing and 100 is boiling point of water

Front 43

celsius

Back 43

is named after Swedish scientist, Anders Celsius, it is the same scale as centigrade

Front 44

semipermeable

Back 44

partially but no wholly permeable

Front 45

ultrasonic

Back 45

sound frequencies so high they cannot be perceived by the human ear

Front 46

biceps

Back 46

muscle having two heads

Front 47

bipedal

Back 47

having two feet or pertaining to both feet

Front 48

monovision

Back 48

vision resulting from correction of one eye for near vision and the other eye for far vision, especially with contact lenses

Front 49

triplegia

Back 49

paralysis of three limbs

Front 50

supervitaminosis

Back 50

condition resulting from excessive ingestion of vitamins

Front 51

ab-

Back 51

away from

Front 52

ad-

Back 52

toward

Front 53

ante-

Back 53

before in time or in place

Front 54

pre-

Back 54

before in time or in place

Front 55

pro-

Back 55

before in time or in place

Front 56

circum-

Back 56

around or circular

Front 57

peri-

Back 57

around or circular

Front 58

dia-

Back 58

through

Front 59

ecto-, ex-, exo-, extra-

Back 59

out, without, away from

Front 60

en-, end-, endo-

Back 60

inside

Front 61

epi-

Back 61

above, on

Front 62

hypo-

Back 62

beneath, under

Front 63

infra-, sub-

Back 63

beneath, under

Front 64

inter-

Back 64

between

Front 65

intra-

Back 65

within

Front 66

ipsi-

Back 66

same

Front 67

meso-

Back 67

middle

Front 68

mid-, medio-

Back 68

middle

Front 69

para-

Back 69

near, beside, or abnormal

Front 70

per-

Back 70

through or by

Front 71

post-

Back 71

after, behind

Front 72

retro-

Back 72

behind, backward

Front 73

super-

Back 73

above, beyond

Front 74

supra-

Back 74

above, beyond

Front 75

sym-

Back 75

joined, together

Front 76

syn-

Back 76

joined, together

Front 77

trans-

Back 77

across

Front 78

precancerous

Back 78

an abnormal growth that is likely to become cancerous

Front 79

chemical addiction

Back 79

a person has a compulsive need for a certain drug, in other words, is drawn toward a habit forming drug

Front 80

transdermal

Back 80

across the skin, transdermal drugs are those that can be absorbed through unbroken skin

Front 81

circumcision

Back 81

surgical procedure in which the foreskin of the penis is excised

Front 82

ectopic

Back 82

an abnormal pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterus

Front 83

Intracellular

Back 83

within the cell

Front 84

extracellular

Back 84

situated outside a cell

Front 85

intercellular

Back 85

located between cells

Front 86

postanesthetic

Back 86

time after anesthesia is administered

Front 87

postinfectious

Back 87

time after an infection

Front 88

syndrome

Back 88

a set of symptoms that occur together and collectively characterize articular

Front 89

ipsilateral

Back 89

pertaining to or affecting the same side of the body

Front 90

contralateral

Back 90

pertaining to or affecting the opposite side

Front 91

hypodermic

Back 91

beneath the skin

Front 92

subcutaneous

Back 92

goes between the skin and muscle in the subutaneous tissue

Front 93

intramuscular

Back 93

into the muscle tissue

Front 94

intradermal

Back 94

into the skin, generally used in allergy testing

Front 95

intravenous

Back 95

into the veins to go into the bloodstream

Front 96

symtomatic

Back 96

having symptoms

Front 97

asymptomatic

Back 97

without symptoms

Front 98

hydrous

Back 98

containing water

Front 99

anhydrous

Back 99

absence of water

Front 100

traumatic

Back 100

pertaining to or occuring as the result of trauma (injury)

Front 101

atraumatic

Back 101

not inflicting or causing damage or injury

Front 102

brady-

Back 102

slow

Front 103

tachy-

Back 103

fast

Front 104

anti-

Back 104

against

Front 105

contra-

Back 105

against

Front 106

dys-

Back 106

bad, difficult

Front 107

eu-

Back 107

good, normal

Front 108

mal-

Back 108

bad

Front 109

pro-

Back 109

favoring, supporting

Front 110

macroscopic

Back 110

structures that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye

Front 111

microscopic

Back 111

structures so small they can only be seen by a microscope

Front 112

microtia

Back 112

unusually smal size of the external ear

Front 113

bradyphasia

Back 113

abnormally slow manner of speech

Front 114

tachyphasia

Back 114

rapid speech

Front 115

dyslexia

Back 115

difficulty reading

Front 116

malaise

Back 116

a vague feeling of bodily discomfort and fatigue

Front 117

fatigue

Back 117

state of exhaustion or a loss of strength or endurance

Front 118

lethargy

Back 118

more severe than fatigue, is a state of dullness, sluggishness, or prolonged sleepiness or drowsiness

Front 119

euphoria

Back 119

a feeling of well being

Front 120

malnutrition

Back 120

disorder of nutrition

Front 121

macrocyte

Back 121

abnormally large cell

Front 122

megadose

Back 122

a dose that greatly exceeds the amount prescribed or recommended

Front 123

megalocyte

Back 123

extremely large erythrocyte

Front 124

microcyte

Back 124

abnormally small erythrocy

Front 125

anatomy

Back 125

study, description and classification of structures and organs of the body

Front 126

anatomic position

Back 126

person standing, facing forward with arms at the side and palms facing forward

Front 127

frontal plane

Back 127

divides the body into front and back portions

(also called the coronal plane)

Front 128

sagittal plane

Back 128

divides the body into right and left sides, if they are equal sides (down the center) then it is a midsagittal plane

Front 129

transverse plane

Back 129

divides the body into upper and lower portions

Front 130

anter(o)

Back 130

nearer to or toward the front (anterior)

Front 131

poster(o)

Back 131

nearer to or toward the back (posterior)

Front 132

ventr(o)

Back 132

belly side (ventral)

Front 133

dors(o)

Back 133

directed toward or situated on the back side (dorsal)

Front 134

medi(o)

Back 134

middle or nearer the middle (median, medial)

Front 135

later(o)

Back 135

farther from the midline of the body or from the structure (lateral)

Front 136

super(o)

Back 136

uppermost or above (superior)

Front 137

infer(o)

Back 137

lowermost or below (inferior)

Front 138

proxim(o)

Back 138

nearer the orgin or point of attachment (proximal)

Front 139

dist(o)

Back 139

far or distant from the origin or point of attachment (distal)

Front 140

tel(e)

Back 140

far or distant from the origin or point of attachment (distal)

Front 141

caud(o)

Back 141

in an inferior position; tail or toward the tail (caudal, caudad)

Front 142

cephal(o)

Back 142

toward the head (cephalad)

Front 143

posteroanterior

Back 143

from the posterior to the anterior surface, or from back to front

Front 144

anteroposterior

Back 144

pertains to both the front and the back sides or from the front to the back of the body

Front 145

unilateral

Back 145

involving only one side

Front 146

bilateral

Back 146

pertains to both sides of the body

Front 147

superficial

Back 147

situated on or near the surface and sometimes means not grave or dangerous

Front 148

dorsoventral

Back 148

pertains to the back and belly (front)

Front 149

dorsocephalad

Back 149

situated toward the back of the head

Front 150

mediolateral

Back 150

means from the middle to one side

Front 151

palmar

Back 151

pertaining to the palm

Front 152

plantar

Back 152

pertains to the sole or bottom of the foot

Front 153

prone

Back 153

lying face down, on the belly

Front 154

supine

Back 154

lying on the back

Front 155

recumbent

Back 155

lying down, lateral recumbent is lying on the side

Front 156

abdomin(o)

Back 156

abdomen

Front 157

acr(o)

Back 157

extremities (arms and legs)

Front 158

axill(o)

Back 158

armpit

Front 159

crani(o)

Back 159

cranium (skull)

Front 160

dactyl(o)

Back 160

finger or toe

Front 161

encephal(o)

Back 161

brain

Front 162

herni(o)

Back 162

hernia

Front 163

omphal(o)

Back 163

umbilicus (navel)

Front 164

pelv(i)

Back 164

pelvis

Front 165

periton(o)

Back 165

peritoneum

Front 166

pod(o)

Back 166

foot

Front 167

som(a), somat(o)

Back 167

body

Front 168

spin(o)

Back 168

spine

Front 169

thorac(o), steth(o)

Back 169

thorax (chest)

Front 170

viscer(o)

Back 170

viscera (large abdominal organs)

Front 171

thoracotomy

Back 171

incision of the chest wall

Front 172

abdominothoracic

Back 172

pertaining to the abdomen and thorax

Front 173

quadrant

Back 173

on of four corresponding abdominal quadrants

Front 174

RUQ

Back 174

right upper quadrant- contains the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and part of the large and small intestines

Front 175

LUQ

Back 175

left upper quadrant- contains the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and parts of the large and small intestines

Front 176

RLQ

Back 176

right lower quadrant- contains the right ureter, right ovary and uterine tube, appendix, and parts of the large and small intestines

Front 177

LLQ

Back 177

left lower quadrant-contains the left ureter, left ovary and uterine tube, and parts of the large and small intestines

Front 178

epigastric region

Back 178

upper central region (where ribs come together) close to the diaphragm

Front 179

left or right hypochondriac regions

Back 179

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs on the left or right side

Front 180

right or left lumbar regions

Back 180

regions to the right or left of the umbilical region

Front 181

umbilical region

Back 181

central region around the umbilicus (belly button)

Front 182

left or right iliac or inguinal region

Back 182

left or right side right by each hip, close to the femoral artery.

Front 183

hypogastric region

Back 183

lower middle region, below the umbilical region right over the bladder

Front 184

cranial

Back 184

pertaining to the skull

Front 185

cranial cavity

Back 185

contains the brain

Front 186

spinal cavity

Back 186

contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves

Front 187

dorsal cavity

Back 187

the cranial and spinal cavities make up the dorsal cavity

Front 188

ventral cavity

Back 188

anterior body cavity, it is subdivided into the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Front 189

thoracic cavity

Back 189

Is surrounded by the ribs

Front 190

abdominal cavity

Back 190

Contains the liver, stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys

Front 191

pelvic cavity

Back 191

contains the bladder, reproductive organs, part of the large intestine and the rectum

Front 192

peritoneum

Back 192

a membrane the lines the abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavities)

Front 193

parietal peritoneum

Back 193

lines the abdominal and pelvic walls

Front 194

visceral peritoneum

Back 194

contains large folds that weave in between the organs, binding them to one another and to the walls of the cavity

Front 195

thoracodynia

Back 195

is a type of chest pain

Front 196

ascites

Back 196

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity, sometimes resulting in considerable distension of the abdomen

Front 197

abdominocentesis

Back 197

surgical puncture of the abdomen

Front 198

abdominal paracentesis

Back 198

another name for abdominocentesis, it is performed to remove fluids or to inject a therapeutic agent

Front 199

omphalus

Back 199

another name for the umbilicus or navel

Front 200

omphalocele

Back 200

congenital hernia of the umbilicus

Front 201

acroparalysis

Back 201

impaired movement of the extremities

Front 202

acrocyanosis

Back 202

intermittent cyanosis of the extremities caused by exposure to cold or emotional stimuli also called Raynaud phenomenon

Front 203

dactylogram

Back 203

is a mark or record of a fingerprint, the act of taking fingerprints is called dactlyography

Front 204

chiropody

Back 204

refers to the hands and feet

Front 205

pyrexia

Back 205

fever

Front 206

febrile

Back 206

pertains to fever

Front 207

afebrile

Back 207

without fever

Front 208

antipyretic

Back 208

agent that is effective against fever

Front 209

antifebrile

Back 209

agent that is effective against fever, such as asprin

Front 210

pyrogen

Back 210

substance or agent that produces fever

Front 211

hyperpyrexia

Back 211

a highly elevated body temperature

Front 212

dysplasia

Back 212

abnormal development of tissues or organs

Front 213

aplasia

Back 213

lack of development of an organ or tissue

Front 214

anotia

Back 214

congenital absence of one or both ears, which is an example of aplasia

Front 215

hypoplasia

Back 215

less severe form of aplasia, it is underdevelopment of an organ or tissue and usually results in fewer than normal number of cells

Front 216

hyperplasia

Back 216

an abnormal increase in the number of normal calls in tissue

Front 217

hypertrophy

Back 217

an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells

Front 218

dehiscence

Back 218

a splitting open or rupture of a wound after it has closed

Front 219

evisceration

Back 219

protrusion of internal organs through an open wound

Front 220

somatogenic

Back 220

originating in the body

Front 221

somatic death

Back 221

death of a person, usually defined as an absence of electrical activity of the brain for a specific period under rigidly defined circumstances

Front 222

electroencephalogram

Back 222

record produced by the electrical impulses of the brain

Front 223

encephalitis

Back 223

inflammation of the brain

Front 224

encephalopathy

Back 224

any disease of the brain

Front 225

somesthetic

Back 225

body feeling

Front 226

somatopsychic

Back 226

pertains to both body and mind

Front 227

acromegaly

Back 227

enlargement of the extremities

Front 228

dermatosis

Back 228

any disease of the skin where inflammation is not present