Chapter 3

Front 1

Gamete

Back 1

A male or female reproductive cell - the spermatozoon or ovum; also referred to as a germ cell.

Front 2

Germ Cell

Back 2

A male or female reproductive cell - the spermatozoon or ovum; also referred to as a gamete.

Front 3

Zygote

Back 3

The single cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg cells.

Front 4

Mitosis

Back 4

The process of cell division which results in the production of two identical new cells from a single parent cell.

Front 5

Gestation

Back 5

The period of intrauterine fetal development.

Front 6

Gonads

Back 6

The male and female sex glands - ovaries and testes.

Front 7

Testes

Back 7

Male gonads inside the scrotum that produce testosterone.

Front 8

Ovaries

Back 8

Female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones.

Front 9

Mullerian Duct

Back 9

One of a pair of tubes in the embryo that will develop, in female embryos, into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and part of the vagina.

Front 10

Wolffian Duct

Back 10

One of the pair of structures in the embryo that, when exposed to testosterone, will develop into the male reproductive system.

Front 11

Homologous

Back 11

Corresponding in structure, position, or origin but not necessarily in function.

Front 12

Androgen

Back 12

A hormone that promotes the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics. It is produced by the testes in men and by the adrenal glands in both men and women.

Front 13

Klinefelter Syndrome

Back 13

Occurs when an ovum containing an extra X chromosome is fertilized by a Y sperm (designated XXY) giving a child 47 chromosomes in all.

Front 14

Turner Syndrome

Back 14

Results from an ovum without any sex chromosome being fertilized by an X sperm (designated XO), which gives the child only 45 chromosomes.

Front 15

Gynecomastia

Back 15

Abnormal breast development in the male.

Front 16

Amenorrhea

Back 16

The absence of menstruation.

Front 17

Gender Roles

Back 17

Culturally defined ways of behaving seen as appropriate for males or females.

Front 18

Gender Traits

Back 18

Innate or biologically determined gender-specific behaviors.

Front 19

Gender Spectrum

Back 19

The continuum of possibilities of biological gender, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation.

Front 20

Transgender

Back 20

A general term referring to a person or group of people who identify or express their gender in a variety of different ways, typically in opposition to their biological sex.

Front 21

Transyouth

Back 21

A label often used to describe youths who are experiencing issues related to gender identity or expression.

Front 22

Transsexual

Back 22

A person who identifies with a gender other than the one he or she was given at birth.

Front 23

Transmen

Back 23

A label that may be used by female-to-male transsexuals to signify they are male with a female history.

Front 24

Transwomen

Back 24

A label that may be used by male-to-female transsexuals to signify they are female with a male history.

Front 25

Gender

Back 25

The socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female.

Front 26

Sexual Reproduction

Back 26

Where two parents each donate a gamete, or germ cell, that when combined create a new organism.

Front 27

Autosomes

Back 27

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Front 28

Sex Chromosomes

Back 28

Determines the sex of an organism, either X (female) or Y (male).

Front 29

Fertilization

Back 29

A process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of sperm and ovum to produce a diploid zygote.

Front 30

Endocrine Glands

Back 30

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to be carried to the target organs.

Front 31

Estrogen

Back 31

It is an important hormone in the development of female sexual characteristics throughout fetal development and later life.

Front 32

Progesterone

Back 32

A hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Front 33

Disorders of Sex Development

Back 33

Can be caused by either variations in a person's sex chromosomes or by hormonal irregularities.

Front 34

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Back 34

Occurs when a child lacks an enzyme inn the adrenal gland, forcing the body to produce higher amounts of androgen.

Front 35

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

Back 35

Although the gonads develop into testes and produce testosterone normally, for some reason, the cells of individuals with _______ cannot absorb it; in other words the testosterone is there but has no effect on the body.

Front 36

Masculinity

Back 36

Possession of the qualities traditionally associated with men.

Front 37

Femininity

Back 37

Possession of the qualities traditionally associated with women.

Front 38

Schemas

Back 38

They are like maps in our heads that direct our thought processes.

Front 39

Androgyny

Back 39

Combination of masculinity and femininity.

Front 40

Gender Dysphoria

Back 40

The condition of feeling one's emotional and psychological identity as male or female to be opposite to one's biological sex.

Front 41

Queer

Back 41

An umbrella term that refers to a range of different sexual orientations, gender behaviors, or ideologies.

Front 42

Gender Queer

Back 42

An umbrella term that refers to a range of different sexual orientations, gender behaviors, or ideologies.

Front 43

Gender Fluidity

Back 43

A gender identity which refers to a gender which varies over time.

Front 44

Two-Spirits

Back 44

Usually (but not always) a biological male who was effeminate or androgynous in behavior and who took on the social role of female.

Front 45

Gender-Identity Disorder

Back 45

Children who have a strong and persistent identification with the other sex or the gender role of the other sex and are uncomfortable with their own biological sex or gender role may be diagnosed with this.

Front 46

Homosocial Play

Back 46

When children gravitate to same sex friends.