Chapter 3

Front 1

The phonograph was invented by ___.

Back 1

Thomas Edison

Front 2

Which technology made monographic records obsolete.

Back 2

Stereo

Front 3

What was used to record sound

Back 3

Lamp black
tinfoil
shellac

Front 4

What were the first records

Back 4

through a photoengraving process the sounds were recorded onto disks made of metal and shellac.

Front 5

What is digital recording

Back 5

music is played back by laser beam rather than by needle or magnetic tabe. Sound is translated by waves into computer like impulses
impulses on disks in binary code

Front 6

captured fluctuations of original sound waves and stored on records or cassets as a continuous stream of magnetization

Back 6

Analog recording

Front 7

The recording industry and radio competed with each other for business until ___

Back 7

radiostations began airing music

Front 8

Which of the following formats became the standard for two-sided singles?

Back 8

45rpm

Front 9

What is Tin Pan Alley

Back 9

a. The term refers to an area of Manhattan.
b. The term "tin pan" was used to describe the sound of the music produced in the area.

d. Its tradition of songwriters continued through the 1950s.

Front 10

The practice of rerecording songs written and recorded by other artists is known as _____.

Back 10

covering

Front 11

Payola refers to the practice of ____.

Back 11

a. paying radio programmers to play only certain songs

Front 12

The British Invasion changed the recording industry in the following way:

Back 12

a. by proving that artists could write their own music.
b. by introducing a harder edge to rock music.
c. by demonstrating that American music forms could be marketed globally.

Front 13

The most successful group signed to the Motown label in the 1960s was _____.

Back 13

the supremes

Front 14

The conversational style of _________ music makes it a forum in which performers can debate such issues as gender, class, and drugs.

Back 14

hip-hop

Front 15

In a rebellion against the commercialized music world, the loud, unpolished ____ genre emerged in the late 1970s.

Back 15

punk rock

Front 16

What are the four major record labels

Back 16

Sony
Warner
Universial
EMI

Front 17

Indies, or independent record labels, control a total of only _____ percent of the recording industry.

Back 17

11-15

Front 18

The producer's duties include ____.

Back 18

booking the studio space

Front 19

The fee collected for the use of an artist's work on a television commercial is called a _____.

Back 19

performance royalty

Front 20

The music industry considers unauthorized downloading of copyrighted songs to be _____.

Back 20

online piracy

Front 21

___ first captured sound using a hair and a coated cylinder.

Back 21

b. Leon Scott de Martinville

Front 22

Which of the following is true regarding the development of records?

Back 22

They were the first sound medium to be mass-produced.
b. They led to the development of the "star system."
c. Originally made of shellac, records were produced using polyvinyl after the war.

Front 23

ASCAP, which was founded to collect copyright fees for publishers and writers, stands for ____.

Back 23

b. The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers

Front 24

In the 1950s, two types of ___ systems entered the marketplace.

Back 24

hi-fi
Console
Component

Front 25

what is a console system

Back 25

combined several elements radio tuner turntable, speakers, and amplifier

Front 26

what is a component system

Back 26

enabled consumers to mix and match different models and parts

also allowed for easier replacement of various elements

Front 27

In the 1950s, television programs _____.

Back 27

a. borrowed heavily from radio formats
b. stole listeners away from the radio
c. caused the recording industry and radio to join forces

Front 28

The improvisational music that developed in New Orleans is known as ___.

Back 28

jazz

Front 29

Boundries tested by rock and roll

Back 29

high and low culture
masculine and feminine
black and white
north and south
sacred and secular

Front 30

The song that finally placed higher on the charts than its cover was _____.

Back 30

Little Richard's "Long Tall Sally"

Front 31

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, rock and roll _____.

Back 31

lost some of its rebellious edge
became gradually more commercialized
had its image cleaned up by the record companies

Front 32

transformation of the rythms and melodies of older R&B, pop vocals, and early rock and roll

Back 32

soul

Front 33

Music passed down through a culture and performed by largely untrained musicians is known as _____.

Back 33

folk

Front 34

The larger label that encompasses such genres as punk and metal is called ____.

Back 34

alternative rock

Front 35

In many ways, _____ can be seen as the black counterpart to the spirit of punk.

Back 35

hip-hop

Front 36

A&R (artist and repertoire) agents act as _______.

Back 36

talent scouts
managers
liaisons between song writers and performers

Front 37

An unauthorized recording of a live performance is known as a(n) _____.

Back 37

bootleg

Front 38

The voluntary labeling of music with explicit content began in the _____.

Back 38

mid- 1980s

Front 39

Factor in the early growth of rock and roll?

Back 39

It provided radio with inexpensive content.
b. It offered youths an escape from real world concerns.
d. Racial barriers were beginning to break down.

Front 40

Which of the following did characterize rock music in the 1960s?

Back 40

a. It focused on experimenting with drugs.
b. It protested social problems and the Vietnam War.
c. It moved from acoustic roots to a folk-rock style.