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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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macromolecule |
an extremely large biological molecule; refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and complexes of these |
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functional group |
a molecular group attached to a hydrocarbon that confers chemical properties or reactivities. Examples include hydroxyl(-OH), carboxylic acid (COOH) and amino groups (-NH2) |
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isomer |
one of a group of molecules identical in atomic composition but differing in structural arrangement; for example, glucose and fructose |
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polymer |
a molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits; starch is a polymer of glucose |
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monomer |
the smallest chemical subunit of a polymer. The monosaccharide a-glucose is the monomer found in plant starch, a polysaccharide |
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hydrolysis |
a reaction that breaks a bond by addition of water. This is the reverse of dehydration, a reaction that joins molecules with the loss of water |
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carbohydrate |
an organic compound consisting of a chain or ring of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached in a ratio of approximately 2:1; having the generalized formula (CH2O)n: carbohydrates include sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose |
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monosaccharide |
a simple sugar that cannot be decomposed into smaller sugar molecules |
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disaccharide |
a carbohydrate formed of 2 simple sugar molecules bonded covalently |
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polysaccharide |
a carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharide sugar subunits linked together in a long chain; examples are glycogen, starch, and cellulose |
