Chapter 3

Front 1

4 types of biomolecules

Back 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 2

What makes a molecule organic?

Back 2

if it contains carbon

Front 3

Why is carbon so good at making compounds?

Back 3

It has 4 valence electrons to form covalent bonds with.

Front 4

Monomer

Back 4

simple organic molecule that exists individually- makes up polymers

Front 5

Polymer

Back 5

large organic molecules formed by combining monomers

Front 6

Another name for Carbohydrates

Back 6

Sugars

Front 7

Monomers of Carbohydrates

Back 7

Carbon rings

Front 8

Monosaccharides

Back 8

One individual ring; glucose

Front 9

Disaccharides

Back 9

2 carbon rings that are bonded together; sucrose, lactose

Front 10

Polysaccharides

Back 10

more than 2 carbon rings

Front 11

3 Most Important Monosaccharides in Living Organisms

Back 11

Glucose, ribose, deoxyribose

Front 12

four different forms of polysaccharides(polymers) addressed and their function.

Back 12

Starch- the storage form of glucose in plants, glycogen- the storage form of glucose in animals, Cellulose- is found in the cell walls of plants, Chitin- found in the exoskeleton of crabs, structural polysaccharide

Front 13

differences between fats and oils.

Back 13

Fats usually come from animals, and oils come from plants. Fats are solids at room temp, oils are liquid at room temp

Front 14

components of the different lipid polymersTriglycerides

Back 14

One glyceride backbone, three fatty acids

Front 15

know what makes a compound a fatty acid

Back 15

Fatty acid- COOH at the end

Front 16

the difference between saturated, unsaturated

Back 16

Saturated means a molecule has the maximum number of bonds in it. (4) no double bonds.

Front 17

Cis

Back 17

hydrogens are on the same sides

Front 18

Trans

Back 18

hydrogens on opposite sides.

Front 19

basic structure of a phospholipid and where it is found in cells.

Back 19

Has a phosphate group in it, has 2 fatty acid tails. Located in cell membrane

Front 20

Steroids- know examples

Back 20

4 carbon rings that are stuck together

Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

Front 21

know what monomers proteins are made of and what type of bond holds them together

Back 21

amino acids. peptide bond

Front 22

three structural components of an amino acid.

Back 22

Amino group (-NH2) Acidic group (-COOH) R group varies

Front 23

functions proteins can have in a cell

Back 23

enzyme- helps speed up chemical reaction

Front 24

know the 4 levels of organization of proteins

Back 24

Primary- a linear sequence (line)Secondary- Alpha helix (spiral), beta sheets (sticky note)Tertiary- Quaternary-

Front 25

denatured

Back 25

broken down

Front 26

know how a protein can be denatured

Back 26

When exposed to extreme heat or pH

Front 27

know the function of an enzyme

Back 27

Speed up chemical reactions

Front 28

Know what the monomers of nucleic acids are

Back 28

nucleotide

Front 29

know the two types of nucleic acid.

Back 29

deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid

Front 30

know the structure of a nucleotide (3 components).

Back 30

Phosphate, pentose sugar ribose- RNA/deoxyribose-DNA, nitrogen- containing base

Front 31

know how DNA and RNA differ.

Back 31

RNA is single stranded, DNA double helix in 2 strands

Front 32

know the complementary base pairs.

Back 32

know the complementary base pairs.