Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Sensation |
"raw" data of experience; process whereby senses pick up visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli |
|
|
|
Transduction |
Process by which sensory receptors convert sensory stimulation into neural impulses so the brain is able to process it |
|
|
|
Sensory receptors |
Cells that are triggered by light, vibrations, sounds, touch, or chemical substances |
|
|
|
Difference threshold |
Degree of change that is required in order for a person to detect a change 50% of the time |
|
|
|
Absolute threshold |
Minimum amount of sensory stimulation that can be detected 50% of the time |
|
|
|
Sensory adaptation |
Process whereby sensory receptors become less sensitive to repeated presentations of the same stimulus |
|
|
|
Visible spectrum |
Refers to the portion of the whole spectrum of light that is visible to the human eye |
Vision |
|
|
Saturation |
The purity of a color |
Vision |
|
|
Cornea |
The cleaner, transparent, protective layer that covers the front of the eye; directs the light rays through the pupil |
Vision |
|
|
Iris |
Contracts and dilates the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye |
Vision |
|
|
Lens |
Focuses on viewed objects and directs images to the retina |
Vision |
|
|
Retina |
Layer of tissue on the inner surface of the eyeball that houses the visual receptors |
Vision |
|
|
Rods |
Allows us to see very dim light |
Vision |
|
|
Cones |
Allows to see color and responsible for fine acuity |
Vision |
|
|
Frequency |
Number of cycles completed by a sound wave in one second |
Sound |
|
|
Pitch |
How high or low the sound is |
Sound |
|
|
Hertz (Hz) |
Unit used to measure a waves frequency |
Sound |
|
|
Three sections of the ear |
1) Outer ear 2) Middle ear (ossicles) 3) Inner ear (cochlea) |
Sound |
|
|
Outter ear |
Basic function is to concentrate and funnel sound waves to the eardrum |
Sound |
|
|
Middle Ear (Ossicles) |
Responsible for the amplification of sound waves; contain small bones named for their shape: hammer, anvil, and stirrup |
Sound |
|
|
Inner Ear (Cochlea) |
Long, coil tube lined with sensory receptor hair cells |
Sound |
|
|
Hair cells |
Auditory receptors where sound waves finally become neural impulses |
Sound |
|
|
Cochlear implants |
Technique for restoring some hearing to those with irreversible nerve hearing impairment |
Sound |
|
|
Gustation |
Sense of taste |
Taste |
|
|
Taste buds |
Lie alongside some of the papillae; each one is composed of 60-100 taste receptors |
Taste |
|
|
5 basic tastes |
1) Sweet 2) Sour 3) Salty 4) Bitter 5) Umami |
Taste |
|
|
Olfaction |
Sense of smell |
Smell |
|
|
Olfactory bulbs |
An olfactory stimulus travels from receptor to here |
Smell |
|
|
Skin senses |
Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain |
Touch |
|
|
Gate-control Theory of pain |
An area in the spinal cord acts as a "gate" and blocks or transmits pain messages to the brain |
Touch |
|
|
Endorphins |
Natural painkillers produced by the body |
Touch |
|
|
Perception |
Process through which the brain assigns meaning to sensations |
|
|
|
Figure Ground |
As we view the world, some object (the figure) often seems to stand out from the back background (the ground) |
|
|
|
Closure |
Tendency to complete figures that are incomplete |
|
|
|
Depth perception |
Ability to perceive the visual world in three dimensions and to judge distances accurately |
|
|
|
Relative size |
When a larger object is perceived as closer while smaller objects are perceived as farther away |
|
|
|
Top-down processing |
Analyzing smaller features in building up to a complete perception |
|
|
|
Bottom-up processing |
You might try to understand the big picture, and then break down that picture and smaller components |
|
