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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell theory |
theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living things, and the cell is the most basic unit of life |
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cytoplasm |
jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles |
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organelle |
membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell |
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prokaryotic cell |
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
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eukaryotic cell |
cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
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cytoskeleton |
network of proteins, sub as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell |
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nucleus |
organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA |
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endoplasmic reticulum |
interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute |
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ribosome |
organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
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Golgi apparatus |
stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
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vesicle |
small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm |
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mitochondrion |
bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
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vacuole |
organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell |
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lysosome |
organelle that contains enzymes |
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centriole |
small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aid mitosis |
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cell wall |
rigid structure that gives protection, support, shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria |
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chloroplast |
organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll |
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cell membrane |
double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell |
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phospholipid |
molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of glycerol, a phosphate group, and 2 fatty acids |
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fluid mosaic model |
model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
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selective permebility |
condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
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receptor |
protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
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passive transport |
movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
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diffusion |
movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
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concentration gradient |
difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
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osmosis |
diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentrate not an area of lower water concentration |
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isotonic |
solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
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hypertonic |
solution that has a high concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
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hypotonic |
solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
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facilitated diffusion |
diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
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active transport |
energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
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endocytosis |
uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane |
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phagocytosis |
uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle |
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exocytosis |
release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane |
