Psych Ch 3

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 2

cognitive neuroscience

Back 2

the interdisciplinary field that studies the links between brain activity and cognition

Front 3

dual processing

Back 3

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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selective attention

Back 4

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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inattentional blindness

Back 5

a perceptual error in which we fail to see visible objects when our attention is directed eleswhere

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change blindness

Back 6

occurs when we fail to notice changes in the environment

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circadian rhythm

Back 7

any regular bodily rhythm, such as body temperature and sleep-wakefulness, that follows a 24-hour cycle

Front 8

REM sleep

Back 8

the sleep stage in which the brain and eyes are active, the muscles are relaxed, and vivid dreaming occurs, aka paradoxical sleep

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alpha waves

Back 9

the relatively slow brain waves characteristic of an awake, relaxed state

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sleep

Back 10

the natural, periodic, reversible loss of consciousness, on which the body and mind depend for healthy functioning

Front 11

hallucinations

Back 11

false sensory experiences that occur without any sensory stimulus

Front 12

delta waves

Back 12

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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insomnia

Back 13

a sleep disorder in which the person regularly has difficulty in falling or staying asleep

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narcolepsy

Back 14

a sleep disorder in which the victim suffers sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks, often characterized by entry directly into REM

Front 15

sleep apnea

Back 15

a sleep disorder in which the person ceases breathing while asleep, briefly arouses to gasp for air, fall back asleep, and repeats this cycle throughout the night

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night terrors

Back 16

episode of high arousal with apparent terror. night terrors usually occur during stage 4 sleep

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dreams

Back 17

sequences of images, emotions, and thoughts, the most vivid of which occur during REM sleep

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manifest content

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Freud's theory of dreaming, the rememberd story line

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latent content

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Freud's theory of dreaming, the underlying but censored meaning of a dream

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REM rebound

Back 20

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivaation

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hypnosis

Back 21

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors with spontaneously occur

Front 22

posthypnotic suggestion

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a suggestion made during a hypnosis session that is to be carried out when the subject is no longer hypnotized

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dissociation

Back 23

a split between different levels of consciousness, allowing a person to divide attention between two or more thoughts or behaviors

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psychoactive drugs

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which include stimulants, depressants, ad hallucinogens -- are chemical substances that alter moods and perceptions. They work by affecting or mimicking the activity or neurotransmitters

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tolerance

Back 25

the diminishing of a psychoactive drug's effect that occurs with repeated use, requiring progressively larger doses to produce the same effect

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withdrawl

Back 26

the discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of addictive drugs

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physical dependence

Back 27

a physiological need for a drug that is indicated by the presence of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not taken

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psychological dependence

Back 28

the psychological need to use a drug

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addiction

Back 29

a compulsive craving for a drug despite adverse consequences and withdrawal symptoms

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depressants

Back 30

psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, opiates, and barbiturates, that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

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barbiturates

Back 31

depressants, sometimes used to induce sleep or reduce anxiety

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opiates

Back 32

depressants derived from the opium poppy, such as opium, morphine and heroin; they reduce neural activity and temporarily lessen pain and anxiety

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stimulants

Back 33

psychoactive drugs, such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, that excite neural activity an speed up body functions

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amphetamines

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a type of stimulant and as such speed up body functions and neural activity

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methamphetamine

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a powerfully addictive stimulant that speeds us body functions and is associated with energy and mood changes

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ecstasy(MDMA)

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classified as both a synthetic stimulant and a mild hallucinogen. produces short-term euphoria by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. repeated use may permanently damage serotonin neurons, suppress immunity, and impair memory and other cognitive functions

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hallucinogens

Back 37

psychedelic drug, such as LSD and marijuana, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

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LSD

Back 38

a powerful hallucinogen capable of producing vivid false perceptions and disorganization of thought processes. LSD produces its unpredictable effects partially because it blocks the action of a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin

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THC

Back 39

the major active ingredient in marijuana, is classified as a mild hallucinogen

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near-death experience

Back 40

an altered state of consciousness that has been reported by some people who have had a close brush with death