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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Germinal Period
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Formation of germ layers
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Embryonic period
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organ systems develop, no real growth in size
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Fetal period
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-Fetus grows
-maturation of organs |
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Where does fertilization occur?
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In the fallopian tube
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Perivitelline space
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Allows only one sperm to enter. A protective barrier to keep other sperm out.
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When does the egg undergo final maturation step?
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When sperm reaches egg.
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Pluripotent
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Ability to develop into wide range of tissue
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What do trophoblast cells become?
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placenta
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What doe inner cell mass of blastocyst become?
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embryo
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What protects the placenta from mother's blood?
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Syncytiotrophoblast
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What structure is for the fetus to attach to the placenta?
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Cytotrophoblast
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In germ layers, what does the ectoderm become?
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Anterior surface
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In germ layers, what does the endoderm become?
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Posterior surface
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What does the embryonic disk become?
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THe fetus
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What makes up the embryonic disk?
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Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Once all three germ layers develop, it is the end of the germinal period.
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What germ layer does the nervous system develop from?
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Ectoderm
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What structure causes the formation of the neural tube?
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Notochord
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Oropharyngeal membrane is what part of gut formation?
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Superior- mouth
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Cloacal membrane is what part of gut formation?
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inferior- rectum
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How do limb buds develop?
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Tissue is laid down in proximal to distal sequence
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The GI tract is made from what germ layer?
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Endoderm
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Celom eventually becomes what?
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Cavitites, eventually become thoracic, abdominal cavities, etc
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Skin is derived from what?
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Epidermis- Ectoderm
Dermis- Mesoderm |
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Nervous system is derived from what germ layer
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Ectoderm
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Circulatory system is derived from what germ layer?
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Mesoderm
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The septum secundum and septum primium create what?
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The foramen ovale of the fetal heart
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What is the foramen ovale?
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In a fetal heart, a hole connecting L and R atrium. Oxygen comes from mother's oxygenated blood.
Closes post-natally. That is the biggest post natal change |
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Respiratory system is derived from what germ layer?
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Endoderm
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Urinary system is derived from which germ layer?
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Mesoderm
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Reproductive system is derived from what germ layer?
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Mesoderm
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In kidney development, what is the pronephros?
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First urinary structure to develop, eventually degrades
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In kidney development, what is the mesonephros?
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Appears second and operates for a limited time.
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In kidney development, what is the metanephros?
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Eventually becomes the kidney.
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In the reproductive system development, what is the paramesonephric duct?
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the FEMALE reproductive tract is formed from this (uterus, vagina, etc). Causes mesonephric duct to degrade.
Forms uterine tube and developed because gonadic ridge produces estrogen. |
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In the reproductive system development, what is the gonadal ridge?
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Critical organ, primitive gonad (testes or ovaries)
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In the reproductive system development, what is the mesonephric duct?
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the MALE reproductive tract is formed from this (seminal vesicle, prostate, penis, etc). Also causes the paramesonephric duct to degrade.
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What is vernix caseosa
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Waxy coat of protection on the fetus. Formed from waste in fetus.
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First step of parturition:
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Starts from the fetus (pituitary).
ACTH released from fetal pituitary- fetus is stressed. |
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Second step of parturition:
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Fetus releases adrenal cortico steroids and that changes placental secretions.
The change in placental secretions is decrease progesterone and increase estrogen. |
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Third step of parturition:
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-The myometrium starts to contract.
-This stimulates oxytocin to release from mother's pituitary. -This causes more uterine contractions and it cycles. |
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What is a major post-natal change?
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the foramen ovale closes and the two atria are separated.
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Genes are a portion of ___.
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DNA
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Homozygous
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alleles are the same
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Heterozygous
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alleles are different
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Each gene has __ alleles
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2
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Dominant and Recessive genes
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dominant masks effects of recessive genes
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Sex-linked traits
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Traits affected by genes on sex chromosomes (X&Y)
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Genotype
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Actual set of alleles a person has for a give trait.
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Phenotype
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Physical appearance/expression of that gene (blue eyes)
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Dominant recessive
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dominant masks recessive
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Codominance
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Dominant & Recessive share expression.
ex: instead of tall or short, the person is medium height |
