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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Longitudinal Design |
Study kids over long periods of time |
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Cohort Effects |
Something about a group of people that make them unique from other groups |
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Cross-sectional designs |
at the same time you are studying kids at different ages (Interview them all at one time) |
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Longitudinal-Sequential design |
takes both designs and uses the advantages of both. You can test for practice an cohort effects |
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Correlational Method (r) |
the measure of the relationship between 2 variables (the closer to 1 the correlation, the stronger the are correlated) **Correlation does not indicate causation |
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Heredity |
the biological transmission of traits & characteristics through genes |
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Alleles |
Versions of genes that act across pairs of chromosomes |
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Ecological systems theory |
focuses on the complex interplay of factors that influence....? |
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Microsystem |
the child's day to day setting ( parents, siblings, friends, teachers) |
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Mesosystem |
the connections among microsystem influences (parental involvement with child's school) |
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Exosystem |
aspects of the environment that indirectly influence child (extended family, parents job) |
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macrosystem |
the characteristics of the culture or subculture in which the child lives (laws, culture, attitude) |
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chronosystem |
changes over time: within the child, and at the micro/meso/exo/macrosystems. Time is an important factor! |
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Epigenesis |
environmental influences determine which genes are expressed |
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Behavioral genetics |
the study of how genes and the environment interact to influence traits and behaviors |
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Heritability coefficient |
the extent to which the differences among people elect heredity (genetic influence) |
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Stages of Prenatal Development |
-period of zygote: fertilization-2 weeks -Period of embryo: 2-8 weeks -Period of fetus: 8 weeks to birth |
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Differentiation (period of zygote) |
the process by which cells specialize and begin to take on different roles |
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amniotic sac |
a fluid filled sac which surrounds and protects embryo (also helps with temperature management) |
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placenta |
a mass of tissue that supplies oxygen and nutrients to embryo and carries away waste products (placenta and baby have same genetic material and make-up) |
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Umbilical cord |
a cord containing blood vessels that connects the embryo to the placenta |
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at 8 weeks.. |
all organs and body systems are there (reproduction system lags a little bit) and they also work |
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age of viability |
age at which baby could survive outside of womb. this is between 20-22 weeks |
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Teratogen |
any substance that can cause damage during the prenatal period |
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what does alcohol effect in prenatal development? |
effects the brain and face. Also leads to a lot of developmental disabilities |
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APGAR test |
is given to newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. A quick quantitative way to check baby |
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sutures |
are the line spaces between the plates on a babies head |
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fontanals |
the spaces (bigger than sutures) between the plates on a babies head |
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Reflexes |
unlearned, automatic responses to a particular form of stimulation |
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Rooting reflex |
brush something on the side of the baby's face and they turn their head (looking for nipple) |
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moro reflex |
startle reflex |
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babinski reflex |
run your finger down the baby bottom of foot and their toes face out |
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premature baby |
child born 3 or more weeks prior to full term |
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Small-for-date |
birth weight is lower than 10th percentile for the number of weeks of pregnancy |
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birth defects |
abnormality in structure, function, or metabolism present at birth that results in physical or mental disability, or is fatal |
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SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) |
the sudden and unexplained death of a seemingly healthy infant (risk reduction--> have baby sleep on their back)
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