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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what does health and normal body functioning depends on?
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fluid
electrolyte acid-base balance |
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3 locations body fluid is found
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inside blood abs lymph vessels
between cells within cells |
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what percent of the body is fluid?
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45% to 80%
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what are the 2 main types of body fluid?
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intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid |
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what are the primary intracellular electrolytes?
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potassium
phosphate sulfate |
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what are the primary extracellular electrolytes ?
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sodium
chloride bicarbonate |
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what % of fluid do adults have within ICF?
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2/3
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what % of fluid do adults have within ECF?
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1/3
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what are the 2 parts of extracellular fluid ?
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intercessory intravascular fluid
interstitial fluid |
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intravascular fluid
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the fluid inside the blood and lymphatic vessels
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plasma
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interstitial fluid
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the fluid between the cells
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intracellular fluid (ICF)
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portion of body fluid contained within the cells
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extracellular fluid (ECF)
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body fluid outside the cells; mainly interstitial fluid and plasma
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ANP
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atrial natriuretic peptides
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baroeceptors
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stretch receptors located in major arteries and veins that monitor vascular volume
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osmolarity
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concentration of solutes in a solution expressed as milliosmols per liter
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osmolality
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concentration of solutes in a solution expressed as milliosmols per liter
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what is the normal range for osmolarity?
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280 to 300 mOsm/L
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what happens when ADH is increased?
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urine becomes more concentrated
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electrolytes
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chemical compounds that partially separate in solution
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ions
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particles that carry electrical charges
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cations
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positively charged ions
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anions
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negatively charged ions
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milliequivalent (mEq)
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unit used to give the concentration of an electrolyte in solution ; commonly expressed as mEq/L
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what are normal serum sodium levels (Na)?
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135 to 145
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what is the normal range for serum potassium (K)?
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3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
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what is the normal range for serum calcium (Ca)?
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4.5 -5.5 mg per decilite
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dairy products
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what is the normal range for serum magnesium (Mg)?
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1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
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green leafy veggies, legumes, citrus fruit, PB, chocolate
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what is the normal range for serum phosphorus?
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2.5 to 4.0 mg per deciliter
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dairy, meats, veggies, cereals, fruits
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
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osmosis
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movement of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower to higher solute concentration
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active transport
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allows molecules to move across cell membranes into an area of higher solute concentration
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filtration
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the process in which water and solutes move across capillary membranes driven by fluid pressure
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occurs within the kidneys
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ostomic pressure
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pressure exerted by nondiffusible particles in a solution across a semipermeable membrane
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tends to hold fluid within its container and is opposed by hydrostatic pressure
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tonicity
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fluids effect on cell size
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hypotonic
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lower concentration than in body fluids
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hypertonic
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greater concentration than in body fluids
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hydrostatic pressure
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causes filtration of fluid from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
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buffers
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substances that help to prevent large changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions
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in what 4 ways can electrolytes and water be lost from the body?
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from kidneys as urine
from skin as perspiration from the GI tract in stool or vomit from lungs as insensible water loss |
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what are the 2 subdivisions of ECF?
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vascular volume
interstitial volume |
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what is "third spacing"?
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a special type of ECF volume balance problem
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collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity "ascites"
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what is the treatment for ECF volume deficit?
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oral or IV replacement of sodium, chloride, and water in the same concentrations found in body fluid
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salty liquids such as broth, tomato juice or normal saline.
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what is the normal range for serum chloride (Cl) ?
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98-106
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what is the normal range for serum phosphate (HPO4)?
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1.2-3.0
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aldosterone
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controls sodium reabsorption
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ADH
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inhibits water loss in urine
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renin-angiotension system
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retains sodium releases aldosterone
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albumin (protein)
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pulls fluid back into vascular system
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