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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which treaties were signed with the Indians? Why were they ineffective? What did they start? |
Treaties were made at Fort Laramie (1851) and Fort Atkinson (1853). The agreements started the system of reservations where Indians were to live on certain lands unmolested by whites. Whites didn't understand Indian society and that a "chief" didn't always exactly sign an agreement for an entire group or area. There were many chiefs representing many areas or even no area. Therefore, the treaties were ineffective. |
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What was the one condition on which they could leave their land? |
For supplies like food and blankets. However, they either never got there or were swindled by corrupt officials. |
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What was the US Army's vision after the Civil War? What did that setoff? |
After the Civil War, the U.S. Army’s new mission was to clear out the West of Indians for white settlers to move in. This set off the period of |
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At first, who had the advantage? What changed this? |
At first, the Indians actually had the advantage because their arrows could be fired more rapidly than a muzzle-loading rifle. The invention of the Colt .45 revolver (the six-shooter by Samuel Colt) and Winchester repeating rifle changed this |
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Sand Creek Massacre |
At Sand Creek, Colorado, Colonel J. M. Chivington's army murdered about 400 Indians, men, women, and children, in cold blood. They thought they'd been given immunity. |
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Fetterman Massacre |
The Sioux sought to stop the Bozeman Trail to Montana's gold and killed Capt. William J. Fetterman and his 81 soldiers. |
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What agreement was made right after the Fetterman Massacre between the Sioux and the government? |
The Treaty of Fort Laramie. Established the "Great Sioux" reservation. |
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Which two battles started the Indian Wars? |
Sand Creek Massacre and Fetterman Massacre |
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The Battle of Little Bighorn |
General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. Indian victory. |
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Battle of Bear Paw Mountain |
The Nez Perce tribe, led by Chief Joseph, revolted when the government tried to force them onto a reservation. They bugged out over some 1,700 miles, across the Rocky Mountains, and fled for Canada. They were caught and defeated at the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain only 40 miles from the Canada border. The Nez Perce were sent to a Kansas reservation where 40% died from disease. |
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Apache |
Led by Geronimo |
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Why were the Indians subdued? |
(1) railroads, (2) diseases, (3) lack of buffalo, (4) war, and (5) the loss of their land to white settlement. Buffalo was dwindling. |
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Helen Hunt Jackson |
An author who wrote A Century of Dishonor which chronicled the government's actions against the Indians. She also wrote Ramona, which was a love story about Indians. Her writing helped inspire sympathy towards the Indians. |
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What caused the Battle of Wounded Knee? |
The Ghost Dance |
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Battle of Wounded Knee |
A group of white Christian reformist tried to bring Christian beliefs on to the Indians. Fearing the Ghost Dance American troops were called to go with the reformist. While camped outside of an Indian reservation a gun was fired and the troops stormed the reservation killing 200+ Indian men women and children. |
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Dawes Severalty Act goal? |
In 1887 the Dawes Severalty Act was passed. Its overall goal was to erase tribes and set the Indians on the road to "becoming white." Established the Carlisle Indian School. |
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Homestead Act of 1862
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It offered 160 acres of free land. Settlers only had to pay a small fee and improve the land, meaning build a small cabin on it. Alternatively, the land could be purchased flat-out for $1.25 per acre.Either way, the Homestead Act was a great deal. Some 500,000 settlers took up the offer and headed west. |
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How was farming changing? |
Farmers used to grow and make whatever they needed. They now switched to growing "cash crops"—crops to be sold, not eaten or used. Other items would be purchased. |
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What did the farmers hate? |
The railroads. Middlemen got a hefty cut. Rates were high. |
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Who started the Grange? |
Oliver H. Kelley. The Grange was a national farmers' organization aimed at advancing farmers' agenda. He wanted to enhance lives of farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities; many members chiefly in Midwest and South; eventually raised goals from individual self-improvement to the improvement of farmer's collective plight; escape from trusts, established cooperatively own stores, grain elevators, and warehouses; tried harvesting (but failed); After Wabash case, influence died |
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Why did the Populist party emerge? |
To fight the "money trust" on Wall Street, nationalize railroads, telephone, and telegraph. Graduated income tax, silver coinage. James B Weaver earned votes. |
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Coxey's Army |
Marched to DC calling for change. They wanted relieving unemployment by a government public works program. An issuance of $500 million in paper money. Both of these would create inflation and therefore make debts easier to pay off.
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Pullman Strike |
Led by Debs. U.S. Attorney General Richard Olney called in federal troops to break up the strike. His rationale: the strike was interfering with the transit of U.S. mail. Debs went to jail, became leading SOCIALIST in America |
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Election of 1896 |
R: McKinely - Mark Hanna right-hand man D: William Jennings Bryan- Cross of Gold Speech. McKinely won. Was important: (a) gold was decided upon as America's economic basis, (b) it was a victory for business, conservatives, and middle class values (as opposed to the working class), and (c) it started 16 years of Republican presidents |
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Gold Standard Act (1900) |
People could trade in paper money for gold. Gold rush brought inflation. |
