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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a particle with the mass of an electron but a positive charge |
positron |
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a positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei ( 2 protons, 2 neutrons) |
alpha particle |
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an electron resulting from the breaking apart of neutrons in an atom |
beta particle
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any element in the periodic table with atomic number above 92 (atomic number of uranium) |
transuranium element |
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high-energy photon emitted by a radioisotope |
gamma radiation |
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risen of an of one element to an atom of another element |
transmutation |
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splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments, accompanied by the release of neutrons and a large amount of energy |
fission |
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process of combining nuclei to produce a nucleus of greater mass |
fusion |
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a device that uses a gas filled metal tube to detect radiation |
geiger counter |
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an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay |
radioisotope |
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a device that uses a phosphor-coated surface to detect radiation |
scintillation counter |
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a process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor |
neutron-absorption |
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a process used in nuclear reactor to slow down neutrons so the reactor fuel captures them to continue the chain reaction |
neutron-moderation |
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the charge on a gamma ray _______. |
0 |
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a beta particle is a(n) _______. |
electron |
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what is the change in atomic mass when a atom emits a beta particle |
remains the same |
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what is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits gamma radiation |
remains the same |
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the least penetrating form of radiation is ____. |
gamma radiation |
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ionizing radiation that consists of helium nuclei is ______. |
alpha radiation |
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what is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle |
decreases by 2 |
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which symbol is used for an alpha particle |
a He 2 4 |
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which of the following materials is necessary to stop an alpha particle |
sheet of paper |
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what symbol is used for beta radiation |
B |
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which of the following materials is necessary to stop a beta particle |
aluminum or wood |
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which of the following materials is most effective for stopping gamma radiation |
concrete or lead |
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which type of ionizing radiation can be blocked by clothing |
alpha radiation |
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what does the band of stability for atomic nuclei refer to |
proton to neutron ratio |
