Chapter 24 - Digestive System

Front 1

TRUE or FALSE: The Digestive System has both a Chemical and Mechanical Digestive Process

Back 1

True

Front 2

Name the 6 Processes of Digestion

Back 2

1. Ingestion

2. Secretion

3. Mixing & Propulsion

4. Digestion

5. Absorption

6. Defecation

Front 3

The capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along itself

Back 3

Motility

Front 4

This is described as Digestive enzymes catalyzing catabolic reactions and softening food.

Back 4

Chemical Digestion

Hint 4

These enzymes are produced by salivary glands, the stomach, pancreas, tongue, and small intestine

Front 5

4 Layers of the GI Tract and the stomach

Back 5

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Muscularis

4. Serosa

Front 6

This layer of the GI Tract is made up of 2 epithelium tissues, a lamina propria, and a muscularis mucosae.

Back 6

Mucosa

Hint 6

Deepest Layer

Front 7

2 Types of epithelium of the mucosa

Back 7

1. Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous

2. Simple Columnar

Front 8

The non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the mucosa serves as what?

Back 8

As protection

Front 9

The function of the simple columnar epithelium of the mucosa

Back 9

Secretion and Absorption

Front 10

Where is the non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the mucosa layer of the GI Tract found?

Back 10

Mouth, pharynx, and esophagus

Front 11

The lamina propria of the mucosa layer of the GI Tract is composed of what kind of tissue?

Back 11

Areolar Connective Tissue

Front 12

This layer of the GI Tract contains the Plexus Meissner and binds the mucosa to the muscularis

Back 12

Submucosa

Front 13

This type of tissue makes up the Submucosa layer of the GI Tract

Back 13

Areolar Connective Tissue

Front 14

This tissue makes up the Muscularis layer of the GI Tract

Back 14

Smooth muscle tissue

Front 15

This is the most superficial layer of the GI Tract and its main function is secreting serous fluid

Back 15

Serosa

Front 16

These cells of the GI Tract secrete hormones

Back 16

Enteroendocrine Cells

Front 17

These cells secrete a lubricating fluid

Back 17

Mucus Secreting Cells

Front 18

2 Plexuses of the ENS "Brain of the Gut"

Back 18

Plexus of Aurabauch

Plexus of Meissner

Front 19

This plexus of the ENS plays a major role in nerve supply to the GI Tract, contains fibers from the ANS and is positioned between the longitudinal and smooth muscle of the muscularis

Back 19

Plexus of Aurabauch

Front 20

Where is the Plexus of Meissner located?

Back 20

In the Submucosa

Front 21

True or False: The plexus of Meissner is the neural regulation of the GI Tract

Back 21

False- Plexus of Aurabauch is

Front 22

2 areas of the Peritoneum

Back 22

Retroperitoneal and Peritoneal

Front 23

Cavity between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Back 23

Peritoneal Cavity

Front 24

5 Peritoneal Folds

Back 24

1. Greater Omentum

2. Falciform Ligament

3. Lesser Omentum

4. Mesentery

5. Mesocolon

Front 25

This fold of the peritoneal drapes over the transverse colon and colon of the small intestines

Back 25

Greater Omentum

Hint 25

Largest Fold

Front 26

This peritoneal fold attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

Back 26

Falciform Ligament

Front 27

Peritoneal Fold that separates the stomach and duodenum from the liver and also contains many blood and lymphatic vessels

Back 27

Lesser Omentum

Front 28

This fold binds the jejunum and ileum to the small intestine

Back 28

Mesentery

Front 29

This fold binds the transverse colon and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall. Contains many blood and lymphatic vessels

Back 29

Mesocolon

Front 30

These regions form the mouth

Back 30

Tongue

Cheeks

Lips

Hard Palate

Soft Palate

Front 31

Formed by the maxilla and palatine bones

Back 31

Hard Palate

Front 32

Forms the roof of the mouth

Back 32

Soft Palate

Front 33

Attaches the gums to the lips

Back 33

Labia Frenulum

Front 34

This conical muscular process closes off the nasopharynx to prevent swallowed foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity

Back 34

Uvula

Front 35

Functions to lubricate and softens foods and starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Back 35

Saliva

Front 36

3 Salivary Glands

Back 36

Parotid Glands

Submandibular Glands

Sublingual Glands

Front 37

This is composed of skeletal muscle and forms the floor of the oral cavity

Back 37

Tongue

Front 38

Deciduous Teeth are replaced by permanent teeth except for molars. Deciduous molars are replaced by what?

Back 38

1st & 2nd pre - molars (bicuspids)

Front 39

Food passes from the mouth into this region which also has 3 divisions. 1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx and 3. Laryngopharynx

Back 39

Pharynx

Front 40

Lies posterior to the trachea and connects pharynx to the stomach

Back 40

Esophagus

Front 41

3 Layers of the Esophagus

Back 41

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Muscularis

Front 42

3 Stages of Swallowing

Back 42

1. Voluntary Stage

2. Pharyngeal Stage

3. Esophageal Stage

Front 43

In this stage of swallowing the bolus is passed into the oropharynx

Back 43

Voluntary Stage

Front 44

In this stage of swallowing the bolus is involuntarily passed from the pharynx into the esophagus

Back 44

Pharyngeal Stage

Front 45

In this stage of swallowing the bolus involuntarily passes from the esophagus and into the stomach

Back 45

Esophageal Stage

Front 46

This is a holding area for food where proteins begin to digest.

Back 46

Stomach

Front 47

This is what the bolus becomes when its in the stomach

Back 47

Chyme

Front 48

4 Subdivisions of the stomach

Back 48

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Pyloric

Front 49

This subdivision of the stomach functions as a storage area

Back 49

Fundus

Front 50

When the stomach is empty the mucosa folds in on itself causing large folds. What are these folds called?

Back 50

Rugae

Front 51

Where does chemical digestion begin?

Back 51

The stomach

Front 52

These cells produce hydrochloric acid

Back 52

Parietal cells

Front 53

2 Major cells of the Pancreas

Back 53

Islets of Langerhans

Acini

Front 54

These major cells of the pancreas secrete hormones

Back 54

Islets of Langerhans

Front 55

These major cells of the pancreas secrete the pancreatic juices

Back 55

Acini

Front 56

Pancreatic juices consist of 6 things

Back 56

Pancreatic Amylase

Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase

Ribonuclease and Deoxyribonuclease

Pancreatic Lipase

Front 57

What is the function of each component that makes up the pancreatic juices?

Back 57

Pancreatic Amylase - digest starches

Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase - digest proteins

Ribonuclease & Deoxyribonuclease - digest RNA & DNA

Pancreatic Lipase - digest fats

Front 58

Separate the lobes of the liver

Back 58

Falciform Ligament

Front 59

Cells of the liver

Back 59

Hapatocytes

Bile Canaliculi

Hepatic sinusoids

Kupffer cells

Central Vein

Front 60

True or False: The liver stores bile and the gallbladder produces it

Back 60

False: liver produces bile and gallbladder stores bile

Front 61

Where does bile go from the gallbladder?

Back 61

Into the small intestines

Front 62

Function of Bile

Back 62

To emulsify fats

Front 63

Principal pigment of Bile

Back 63

Bilirubin

Front 64

8 Vital functions of the liver

Back 64

1. Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein Metabolism

2. Processing of drugs and hormones

3. Excretion of bilirubin

4. Synthesis of bile salts

5. Storage

6. Phagocytosis

7. Activation of Vitamin D

8. Absorption

Front 65

Major events of digestion occur in this long tube

Back 65

Small Intestines

Front 66

Regulates flow of material into the colon from the pyloric sphincter

Back 66

Illeocecal Sphincter

Front 67

These little protrusions are formed by the small intestines and their main function is absorption

Back 67

Villi

Front 68

Cells of the small intestines mucosa

Back 68

Absorptive Cells

Goblet Cells

Paneth Cells

Enteroendocrine Cells

Front 69

These cells of the small intestines mucosa digest and absorb the nutrients from chyme

Back 69

Absorptive Cells

Front 70

These cells of the small intestines mucosa produce mucus

Back 70

Goblet Cells

Front 71

These cells of the small intestines mucosa secrete lysosomes (phagocytes)

Back 71

Paneth Cells

Front 72

These cells of the small intestines mucosa produces the hormone Secretin

Back 72

Enteroendocrine Cells

Front 73

This hormone functions in counteracting the effects of the acid on the chyme

Back 73

Secretin

Front 74

Cells of the Small Intestines Submucosa

Back 74

Brunner's Glands

Front 75

These secrete alkaline juices and mucus. Helps fight the acid of the chyme

Back 75

Brunner's Glands

Front 76

Enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides

Back 76

Pancreatic Amylase

Front 77

Absorption of monosaccharides into the small intestines is by.......

Back 77

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion

Active Transport

Secondary Transport

Osmosis

Front 78

4 Functions of the Large Intestines

Back 78

Completion of absorption

Production of certain vitamins

Formation of feces

Expulsion of feces

Front 79

4 Divisions of the colon

Back 79

Ascending Colon

Transverse Colon

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Front 80

4 Subdivisions of the Large Intestines

Back 80

Cecum

Colon

Rectum

Anal Canal