Chapter 23

Front 1

In ___________, ATP production is very low and there is a buildup of lactic acid as a byproduct

Back 1

Anaerobic respiration

Front 2

In anaerobic respiration gluecose is broken down into _______ _________

Back 2

Lactic acid

Front 3

In the Nazi gas chambers, ___________ was used to cause death as this gas which blocks the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen

Back 3

Hydrogen cyanide

Front 4

Hydrogen cyanide inhibits ________ _________ by blocking the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen

Back 4

Aerobic respiration

Front 5

When you eat food, your body utilizes the ________within it to make carbon dioxide and water

Back 5

glucose

Front 6

In physical exercise _________ provides the chemical energy to power muscle contractions

Back 6

ATP

Front 7

Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions but remain _________ themselves

Back 7

Unchanged

Front 8

___________. are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions

Back 8

enzymes

Front 9

Your body is only a temporary home for hydrogen, oxygen, and _________ atoms

Back 9

carbon

Front 10

The French scientist, Antoine Laviosier, developed the Law of ________ to describe the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Back 10

Conservation of Matter

Front 11

Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Back 11

aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the processes by which animals make energy from the conversion of carbohydrates into water and carbon dioxide. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to produce ATP. Anaerobic repiration can occur in the absence of oxygen, but only produces 5% of the ATP as aerobic respiration, and can lead to the build-up of lactic acid

Front 12

In ___________, ATP production is very low and there is a buildup of lactic acid as a byproduct

Back 12

Anaerobic respiration

Front 13

How is aerobic respiration related to photosynthesis?

Back 13

Respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as interrelated chemical processes. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce energy (carbohydrates) and oxygen. Respiration requires carhobydrates and oxygen to produce energy (stored as ATP) with the byproduct of carbon dioxide

Front 14

In anaerobic respiration gluecose is broken down into _______ _________

Back 14

Lactic acid

Front 15

Describe the Law of Conservation of Matter. Explain how Earth can be considered a closed system and give an example from class/text which illustrate the effect of anthropogenic environmental contamination of human and animal health

Back 15

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither gain nor lost in a chemical reaction, but that elements are only rearranged with an input or release of energy.



Earth can be considered closed system as most all of the elements here are cycled, and thus man-made chemicals stay in the environment, to be utilized again and again.



In Missouri, it was discovered that men were experiencing low sperm count, which was most likely a result of the inputs of farm chemicals into the local drinking water.



Beluga whales living in the St. Lawrence Seaway were discovered to have a very high cancer rate. These cancers were linked to the interaction of the many chemicals to be found polluting this waterway. Although individually these chemicals may not cause cancer, their interaction could potentially have serious consequences to wildlife including the whales.

Front 16

In the Nazi gas chambers, ___________ was used to cause death as this gas which blocks the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen

Back 16

Hydrogen cyanide

Front 17

What are enzymes and what are their properties?

Back 17

Enzymes are proteins that have complex structures allowing them to catalyze highly specific biological reactions. Enzymes contain active sites that bind the compounds involved in the chemical reaction, substrates. Enzymes remain unchanged during the chemical reactions even thought they facilitate changes in teh substrate. An enzymes function can be affected by inhibitors which prevent the enzyme from binding the substrate normally.

Front 18

Discuss 2 inhibitors of aerobic respiration. Tell how they inhibit and what is the end result to the organism

Back 18

Hydrogen cyanide: Is a competitive inhibitor for one of the enzymes responsible for the transfer of hydrogen to oxygen. It kills the same way as suffocation does.
Carbon monoxcide: this exhaust gas kills by disrupting aerobic respiration. It has the ability to displace oxygen from binding to hemoglobin. It is 200x stronger affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen. It results in oxygen deprivation killing the organism.

Front 19

Hydrogen cyanide inhibits ________ _________ by blocking the enzyme that transfers hydrogen to oxygen

Back 19

Aerobic respiration

Front 20

When you eat food, your body utilizes the ________within it to make carbon dioxide and water

Back 20

glucose

Front 21

In physical exercise _________ provides the chemical energy to power muscle contractions

Back 21

ATP

Front 22

Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions but remain _________ themselves

Back 22

Unchanged

Front 23

___________. are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions

Back 23

enzymes

Front 24

Your body is only a temporary home for hydrogen, oxygen, and _________ atoms

Back 24

carbon

Front 25

The French scientist, Antoine Laviosier, developed the Law of ________ to describe the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Back 25

Conservation of Matter

Front 26

Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Back 26

aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the processes by which animals make energy from the conversion of carbohydrates into water and carbon dioxide. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to produce ATP. Anaerobic repiration can occur in the absence of oxygen, but only produces 5% of the ATP as aerobic respiration, and can lead to the build-up of lactic acid

Front 27

How is aerobic respiration related to photosynthesis?

Back 27

Respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as interrelated chemical processes. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce energy (carbohydrates) and oxygen. Respiration requires carhobydrates and oxygen to produce energy (stored as ATP) with the byproduct of carbon dioxide

Front 28

Describe the Law of Conservation of Matter. Explain how Earth can be considered a closed system and give an example from class/text which illustrate the effect of anthropogenic environmental contamination of human and animal health

Back 28

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither gain nor lost in a chemical reaction, but that elements are only rearranged with an input or release of energy.



Earth can be considered closed system as most all of the elements here are cycled, and thus man-made chemicals stay in the environment, to be utilized again and again.



In Missouri, it was discovered that men were experiencing low sperm count, which was most likely a result of the inputs of farm chemicals into the local drinking water.



Beluga whales living in the St. Lawrence Seaway were discovered to have a very high cancer rate. These cancers were linked to the interaction of the many chemicals to be found polluting this waterway. Although individually these chemicals may not cause cancer, their interaction could potentially have serious consequences to wildlife including the whales.

Front 29

What are enzymes and what are their properties?

Back 29

Enzymes are proteins that have complex structures allowing them to catalyze highly specific biological reactions. Enzymes contain active sites that bind the compounds involved in the chemical reaction, substrates. Enzymes remain unchanged during the chemical reactions even thought they facilitate changes in teh substrate. An enzymes function can be affected by inhibitors which prevent the enzyme from binding the substrate normally.

Front 30

Discuss 2 inhibitors of aerobic respiration. Tell how they inhibit and what is the end result to the organism

Back 30

Hydrogen cyanide: Is a competitive inhibitor for one of the enzymes responsible for the transfer of hydrogen to oxygen. It kills the same way as suffocation does.
Carbon monoxcide: this exhaust gas kills by disrupting aerobic respiration. It has the ability to displace oxygen from binding to hemoglobin. It is 200x stronger affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen. It results in oxygen deprivation killing the organism.