Chapter 22 Terms And Names

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Ho Chi Minh

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Vietnamese communist statesman, President of North Vietnam 1954–69; born Nguyen That Thanh.

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Vietminh

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a member of a communist-dominated nationalist movement, formed in 1941, that fought for Vietnamese independence from French rule. Members of the Vietminh later joined with the Vietcong.

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Domino Theory

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the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall.

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Ngo Dinh Diem

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was a staunchly anticommunist Vietnamese statesman who refused to ally with Ho Chi Minh after the Franco-Vietnamese War.

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Dien Bien Phu

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was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries.

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution

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was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident.

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Vietcong

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a member of the communist guerrilla movement in Vietnam that fought the South Vietnamese government forces 1954–75 with the support of the North Vietnamese army and opposed the South Vietnamese and US forces in the Vietnam War.

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Ho Chi Minh Trail

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was a network of roads built from North Vietnam to South Vietnam through the neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia, to provide logistical support to the Vietcong

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Geneva Accords

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arranged a settlement which brought about an end to the First Indochina War.

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Robert McNamara

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was an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, during which time he played a major role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.

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Napalm

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a highly flammable sticky jelly used in incendiary bombs and flamethrowers, consisting of gasoline thickened with special soaps.

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Dean Rusk

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was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Rusk is the joint-second-longest serving U.S. Secretary of State of all time, behind only Cordell Hull and tied with William H. Seward.

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William Westmorland

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was a United States Army general, who most notably commanded U.S. forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968.

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Army of the Republic of Vietnam

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were the ground forces of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, the armed forces of South Vietnam, which existed from 1955 until the Fall of Saigon in 1975.

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Credibility Gap

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an apparent difference between what is said or promised and what happens or is true.

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Agent Orange

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a defoliant chemical used by the US in the Vietnam War. Used to poison and kill the jungle.

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Search & Destroy Missions

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The idea was to insert ground forces into hostile territory,search out the enemy, destroy them, and withdraw immediately afterward.

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Draft

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compulsory recruitment for military service.

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New left

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A radical movement of the 1960s and 1970s. New Leftists opposed the military-industrial complex and involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War; they urged more public attention to conditions of black people and the poor.

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Dove

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A dove is someone who opposes the use of military pressure to resolve a dispute

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Hawk

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a hawk favors entry into war.

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Students for a Democratic Society

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was a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969.

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Free Speech Movement

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was a college campus phenomenon inspired first by the struggle for civil rights and later fueled by opposition to the Vietnam War.

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Tet offensive

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was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968

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Clark Clifford

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was an American lawyer who served as an important political advisor to Democratic Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter.

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Robert kennedy

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also known as Bobby, was a champion of the civil rights movement and a foe of organized crime. He was elected to the Senate after John Kennedy's assassination.

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Eugene McCarthy

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was an American politician, poet, and a long-time member of the United States Congress from Minnesota

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George Wallace

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was the governor of Alabama in the Sixties, Seventies, and Eighties, who held the dubious distinction of being one of America's most outspoken supporters of racial segregation.

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Hubert Humphrey

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was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson

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Richard Nixon

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vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974

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Henry Kissinger

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A scholar and government official of the twentieth century. As an adviser and later secretary of state under President Richard Nixon. During the Vietnam War, he helped Nixon plan and execute a secret bombing of Cambodia, and his negotiations with the government of North Vietnam helped produce a cease-fire in that war. He was cowinner of the Nobel Prize for peace in 1973.

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Vietnamization

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(in the Vietnam War) the US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam.

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Kent state University

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in which unarmed students demonstrating against United States involvement in the Vietnam War were fired on by panicky troops of the National Guard. Four students were killed and nine wounded. The shooting occurred at Kent State University in Ohio.

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Pentagon Papers

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was the name given to a secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967, prepared at the request of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1967.

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Wars power Act

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US law passed in 1973 which allows Congress to limit the President's use of military forces. It states that the President must tell Congress within 48 hours if he sends armed forces anywhere, and Congress must give approval for them to stay there for more than 90 days.

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Silent Majority

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A term used by President Richard Nixon to indicate his belief that the great body of Americans supported his policies and that those who demonstrated against the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War amounted to only a noisy minority.

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My Lai

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massacre [( mee leye)] A mass killing of helpless inhabitants of a village in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, carried out in 1968 by United States troops under the command of Lieutenant William Calley.

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THE

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END