Chapter 22 Flashcards

Front 1

Progressivism

Back 1

Movement for social change between the late 1890’s and WWI. Its origins lay in a fear of big business and corrupt government and a desire to improve the lives of countless Americans. Progressives set out to cure the social ills brought about by industrialization and urbanization, social disorder, and political corruption

Front 2

RE Olds

Back 2

Turned out five thousand Olds runabouts in 1904 using an assembly-line system that foreshadowed later techniques

Front 3

Model T

Back 3

Made by Henry Ford. A four-cylinder, 20-horsepower “Tin Lizzie,” costing $850.

Front 4

Tin Lizzie

Back 4

Ford's “motorcar for the multitudes,” affordably priced so that every family could own one.

Front 5

United Fruit

Back 5

Empire of plantations and steamships in the Caribbean, exploited opportunities created by victory in the war with Spain

Front 6

General Electric

Back 6

First industrial research laboratory, founded in 1900 in a barn. Place where scientists and engineers developed new products

Front 7

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Back 7

An inventive mechanical engineer, strove to extract maximum efficiency from each worker. He proposed two major reforms.
1)Management must take responsibility for job-related knowledge and classify it in to “rules, laws, and formulae.”
2)Management should control the workplace “through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions, and enforced cooperation.” Doctrines of scientific management spread through American industry

Front 8

"Principles of Scientific Management"

Back 8

Book by Frederick Winslow Taylor. He proposed two major reforms.

Front 9

Triangle Shirtwaist Co

Back 9

Focused nationwide attention on unsafe working conditions.

Front 10

WTUL

Back 10

Founded in 1903, this group worked to organize women into trade unions. It also lobbied for laws to safeguard female workers and backed several successful strikes, especially in the garment industry. It accepted all women who worked, regardless of skill, and while it never attracted many members; its leaders were influential enough to give the union considerable power

Front 11

RFD

Back 11

More than one billion newspapers and magazines were delivered in 1911 over these routes

Front 12

Rockefeller Sanitary Commission

Back 12

Began a sanitation campaign that eventually wiped out the hookworm disease

Front 13

Newlands Act

Back 13

The secretary of the interior formed the US Reclamation Service, which gathered a staff of thousands of engineers and technicians, “the largest bureaucracy that ever assembled in irrigation history”

Front 14

David Graham Phillips

Back 14

Novelist troubled by the woman’s problem, depicted a husbands oppression of his wife in The Hungry Heart, published in 1909. Phillips was assassinated by a lunatic who claimed the novelist was “trying to destroy the whole idea of womanhood.”

Front 15

Sheppard-Towner Act

Back 15

Helped fund maternity and pediatric clinics. Demonstrated the increasing effectiveness of women reformers in the Progressive Era

Front 16

Margaret Sanger

Back 16

outspoken social reformer, led a campaign to give physicians broad discretion in prescribing contraceptives. Became involved the birth control movement

Front 17

Niagara Movement

Back 17

movement, led by W.E.B. Dubois that focused on equal rights and the education of African American youth. Rejecting the gradualist approach of Booker T. Washington, members kept alive a program of militant action and claimed for African Americans all the rights afforded to other Americans. It spawned later civil rights movements.

Front 18

NAACP

Back 18

Created in 1909, this organization quickly became one of the most important civil rights organizations in the country. The NAACP pressured employers, labor unions, and the government on behalf of African Americans

Front 19

Guinn v US

Back 19

Overturned a “grandfather clause” that kept African Americans from voting in Oklahoma

Front 20

Buchanon v Worley

Back 20

Supreme Court struck down a law in Louisville, Kentucky, that required residential segregation

Front 21

Padroni

Back 21

Labor agents who recruited immigrant workers, found them jobs, and deducted fee from their wages. Employed more than one-fifth of all Italians; in New York City, they controlled two-thirds of the entire labor force

Front 22

Leonidas Skliris

Back 22

“czar of the Greeks” provided workers for the Utah Copper Company and the Western Pacific Railroad

Front 23

Birds of Passage

Back 23

Temporary migrants who came to the US to work and save money and then returned home to their native countries during the slack season. World War I interrupted the practice, trapping thousands of migrant workers in the US

Front 24

Americanization

Back 24

Attempts to make Immigrants more like Americans

Front 25

Barrios

Back 25

When immigrants formed their own towns and clans with others that were of the same ethnicity, race or religion

Front 26

Samuel Gompers

Back 26

Created AFL. Largest union organization, remained devoted to interest of skilled craftspeople. Refused to organize women, saying they were too emotional and, as union organizers, “had way of making serious mistakes.”

Front 27

IWW (Wobblies)

Back 27

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies, aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressing solidarity, the IWW took as its slogan; an injury to one is an injury to all.

Front 28

Bill Haywood

Back 28

One of the founders of the IWW. Felt it was their job to overthrow the capitalist system by forcible means if necessary

Front 29

Five Dollar Day

Back 29

Henry Ford doubled the wage rate for common labor, reducing the working day from nine hours to eight, and established a personnel department to place workers in appropriate jobs.

Front 30

Amoskeag

Back 30

Enormous complex of factories, warehouses, canals, and machinery. Resembled a medieval city within which workers found “a total institution, a closed and almost self-contained world.” Amoskeag workers preferred the industrial world of the mills to the farms they had left behind

Front 31

Irving Berlin

Back 31

Russian immigrant who wrote “Alexander's Ragtime Band.” Ragtime set off a nationwide dance craze

Front 32

DW Griffith

Back 32

A talented and creative director (also very racist) produced the first movie spectator: Birth of a Nation. He adopted new film techniques, including close-ups, fade-outs, and artistic camera angles and he staged dramatic battle scenes.

Front 33

ASCAP

Back 33

Victor Herbert formed it to protect musical rights and roylaties

Front 34

Ashcan School

Back 34

This school of early twentieth-century realist painters took as their subjects the slums and streets of the nations cities and the lives of ordinary urban dwellers. They often celebrated life in the city but also advocated political and social reform

Front 35

Muckrakers

Back 35

Unflattering term coined by Theodore Roosevelt to describe the writers who made a practice of exposing the wrongdoings of public figures. Muckraking flourished from 1903 to 1909 in magazines such as McClure’s and Collier’s, exposing social and political problems and sparking reform

Front 36

coyotes

Back 36

labor agents who recruited mexican workers