Chapter 22

Front 1

What are the progression of changes in the moon's appearance during the month

Back 1

phases of the moon

Front 2

What is the point at which the moon is farthest from Earth in its orbit

Back 2

apogee

Front 3

What are the traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years

Back 3

precession

Front 4

what are the two main motions of Earth

Back 4

rotation and revolution

Front 5

what is the turing or spinning of a body on its axis

Back 5

rotation

Front 6

what is the time in July when Earth is farthest from the sun

Back 6

Aphelion

Front 7

Who concluded that Earth is a planet

Back 7

Nicolaus Copernicus

Front 8

What is the apparent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars

Back 8

retrograde motion

Front 9

who created a model of the universe that accounted for the movement of the planets

Back 9

ptolemy

Front 10

State one of Kepler's laws of planetary motion

Back 10

the path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse, with the sun at one focus

Front 11

What is one of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion

Back 11

Each planet revolves so that an imaginary line connecting it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals

Front 12

What is the last of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion

Back 12

The square of the length of time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of its mean distance to the sun

Front 13

Briefly explain the Geocentric model

Back 13

the moon, sun, and the known planets orbit Earth

Front 14

Briefly explain the Heliocentric model

Back 14

Earth and the other planets orbit the sun

Front 15

What is the science that studies the universe

Back 15

Astronomy

Front 16

What is an oval-shaped path

Back 16

ellipse

Front 17

What is the point at which the moon is closest to the Earth

Back 17

perigee

Front 18

The solar system speeds in the direction of the star

Back 18

vega

Front 19

What is a result of the motion of the moon and the sunlight that is reflected from its surface

Back 19

moon phase

Front 20

What is a depression produced by a meteorite impact

Back 20

crater

Front 21

Who was the first astronomer to formulate and test the law of universal gravitation

Back 21

Newton

Front 22

What does the gravitational force do with distance

Back 22

decrease

Front 23

what is one of the discoveries that Galileo made

Back 23

planets are disks

Front 24

what is another discovery that Galileo made

Back 24

the discovery that the sun had sunspots, or dark regions

Front 25

What is one of the four important discovery that Galileo made

Back 25

the discovery that venus has phases just like the moon

Front 26

What is the last discovery that Galileo made

Back 26

the discovery that the planets are circular disks, not just points of light

Front 27

An astronomical unit is about how many kilometers and how many miles

Back 27

150,000,00 kilometers and 93,000,000

Front 28

What is the time in January when Earth is closest to the sun

Back 28

Perihelion

Front 29

What says is the time it takes for Earth to make one complete rotation with respect to a star other than the sun

Back 29

sidereal day

Front 30

What is a long channel associated with lunar maria

Back 30

rille

Front 31

What is thin, gray layer on the surface of the moon

Back 31

lunar regolith

Front 32

what are any system of bright, elongated streaks, sometimes associated with a crater on the moon

Back 32

rays

Front 33

most of the lunar surface is made up of densely pitted light-colored areas known as what

Back 33

highlands

Front 34

What are ancient beds of basaltic lava, originated when asteroids punctured the lunar surface

Back 34

maria

Front 35

what is the month based on the cycle of the moon's phases

Back 35

syndic

Front 36

What month is the true period of the moon's revolution around Earth

Back 36

sidereal

Front 37

what occurs when the moon passes through Earth's shadow

Back 37

lunar eclipse

Front 38

an eclipse of the moon can only occur when the moon is the what phase

Back 38

full moon

Front 39

what can occur when the moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun

Back 39

solar eclipse

Front 40

what is the period of Pluto in Earth years

Back 40

247.70

Front 41

What is the solar distance of Earth in A.U.'s

Back 41

1.0

Front 42

How much dud Galileo's telescope magnify distance objects

Back 42

three times the size seen by the unaided eye

Front 43

What are the names of five noted scientists that were responsible for the birth of modern astronomy

Back 43

Galileo Galileo, Johannes Kepler, Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Sir Isaac Newton

Front 44

What scientists concluded that the Earth was round

Back 44

Aristotle

Front 45

The first successful attempt to establish the size of the Earth is credited to

Back 45

Eratosthenes

Front 46

What is the period of Mercury in Earth years

Back 46

0.24

Front 47

What is the solar distance of Uranus

Back 47

19.18 A.U.

Front 48

What is the period of Jupiter in Earth years?

Back 48

11.86

Front 49

What is the solar distance of Saturn

Back 49

9.54 A.U.

Front 50

What is the period of Neptune in Earth years

Back 50

164.8

Front 51

What is the period of Venus in Earth years

Back 51

0.62

Front 52

What is the total number of eclipses

Back 52

The usual number of eclipses is four. One set of solar and one set of lunar eclipse. Followed six months later with another set.

Front 53

What is the maximum that can occur in a year

Back 53

The total number of eclipses in one year isn't more than seven.

Front 54

What is Earth's orbit of speed

Back 54

107,000 kilometers is Earth's orbit of speed

Front 55

How did Aristotle conclude that the Earth is round

Back 55

It always casts a curved shadow on the moon when it passes between the sun and moon. He's belief that the EArth is round was largely abandoned in the Middle Ages

Front 56

Which Astronomer spent 20 years on the planets

Back 56

Tycho Brahe

Front 57

What is revolution

Back 57

the motion of one body about another, as Earth about the sun

Front 58

What was Hipparchus known for

Back 58

He was best known for his star catalog. He determined the location of almost 850 stars, which he divided into six groups according to their brightness.

Front 59

Which eclipses are you most likely to experience

Back 59

lunar eclipse

Front 60

How old is the moon

Back 60

about 4 and a half billion years old

Front 61

Which scientists discovered that venus has phases

Back 61

Galileo Galilei

Front 62

Who was the first to make an accurate measure of the earth's size

Back 62

Eratosthene

Front 63

Phases of the moon

Back 63

New, crescent (waxing), first quarter, Gibbous (waxing), full, gibbous (wanning), third quarter, and crescent (wanning)

Front 64

Measure of a total matter an object has

Back 64

60-kg

Front 65

Approximate length of day and night on the moon

Back 65

27 1/3 Earth days

Front 66

What is the new moon phase

Back 66

The moon disappears altogether.

Front 67

What is the first quarter phase

Back 67

when the moon can be seen from about noon to midnight

Front 68

What is the full moon phase

Back 68

when the moon can be seen rising in the east as the sun is sinking in the west