Chapter 20

Front 1

What is true about protists?
a. all are unicellular
b.all have nucleus
c. all have membrane-bound organelles
d. all are multicelluar

Back 1

b and c

Front 2

What were the first eukaryotic organisms on earth?

Back 2

protists

Front 3

what was Lynn Margulis's hypothesis about where the first protists came from

Back 3

they evolved from a symbiosis of several cells

Front 4

type of protist that consumes other organisms

Back 4

animallike protist

Front 5

type of protist that produces food by photosynthesis

Back 5

plantlike protist

Front 6

type of protist that uses external digestion

Back 6

funguslike protist

Front 7

at one time, what were all animal-like protists called

Back 7

protozoa

Front 8

how are the 4 phyla of animal-like protists distinguished from each other

Back 8

means of movement

Front 9

what kind of protists are classified in the phylum Zoomastigina

Back 9

animallike protists that swim using flagella

Front 10

how many flagella does a zooflagellate have

Back 10

most have one or 2; some have many

Front 11

zooflagellates reproduce asexually by what

Back 11

mitosis and cytokinesis (maybe binary fission)

Front 12

some zooflagellates have a sexual life cycle

Back 12

true

Front 13

what phylum are sarcodines from

Back 13

sarcodina

Front 14

what do sarcodines use pseudopods for

Back 14

feeding and movement

Front 15

amoebas reproduce by means of

Back 15

mitosis and cytokinesis

Front 16

ciliates are members of what phylum

Back 16

ciliophora

Front 17

short, hairlike projections similar to flagella

Back 17

cilia

Front 18

what do ciliates use cilia for

Back 18

feeding and movemtn

Front 19

within a large population, how does conjugation benefit ciliates

Back 19

helps to produce and maintain genetic diversity

Front 20

sporozoans are members of the phylum

Back 20

sporoza

Front 21

Euglenophytes are remarkably similar to what

Back 21

zooflagellates

Front 22

how do euglenas reproduce

Back 22

asexually by binary fission

Front 23

they yellow-green algae and the golden-brown algae are members of what phylum

Back 23

chrysophyta

Front 24

what color are the chloroplasts of chrysophytes

Back 24

yellowish gold

Front 25

the cell walls of some chrysophytes contain what

Back 25

the carbohydrate pectin

Front 26

diatoms are members of the phylum

Back 26

bacillariophyta

Front 27

the cell walls of diatoms are rich with what

Back 27

silicon

Front 28

diatoms are shaped like what

Back 28

a pill box

Front 29

dinoflagellates are members of what phylum

Back 29

pyrrophyta

Front 30

how do dinoflagellates obtain nutrition

Back 30

about half are photosynthetic, and other half are heterotrophs

Front 31

What is true about dinoflagellates?
a. generally have 1 flagellum
b.many species are luminescent

Back 31

b

Front 32

how do dinoflagellates reproduce

Back 32

most by binary fission

Front 33

how do plantlike protists make much of the diversity of aquatic life possible

Back 33

they are at the base of the food chain

Front 34

large masses of algae that deplete the water of nutrients

Back 34

algal blooms

Front 35

damp "forest" of green and brown algae

Back 35

seaweed

Front 36

what pigments are used in red, brown, and green algae

Back 36

photosynthetic pigments

Front 37

red algae are members of what phylum

Back 37

rhodophyta

Front 38

what pigments do red algae contain

Back 38

chlorophyll a and phycobilins

Front 39

what color of light are phycobilins good at absorbing

Back 39

blue

Front 40

brown algae are members of what phylum

Back 40

Phaeophyta

Front 41

what pigments do brown algae contain

Back 41

chlorophyll a & c; fucoxanthin

Front 42

flattened stemlike structure

Back 42

stipe

Front 43

gas-filled swelling

Back 43

bladder

Front 44

structure that attaches alga to the bottom

Back 44

holdfast

Front 45

leaflike structure

Back 45

blade

Front 46

what is the largest known alga

Back 46

giant kelp

Front 47

green algae are members of what phylum

Back 47

chlorophyta

Front 48

what characteristics do green algae share with plants

Back 48

photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition

Front 49

the freshwater alga Spriogyra forms long, threadlike colonies called

Back 49

filaments

Front 50

how can the cells in a Volvox colony coordinate movement

Back 50

connected by a strand of cytoplasm

Front 51

"sea lettuce"

Back 51

Ulva

Front 52

through photosynthesis, algae reproduce much of the earth's what

Back 52

oxygen

Front 53

how are funguslike protists like fungi? unlike?

Back 53

both are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter; have centrioles and lack chitin cell walls

Front 54

funguslike protists that play key roles in recycling organic material

Back 54

slime molds

Front 55

cellular slime molds belong to what phylum

Back 55

Acraglomyphyta

Front 56

cellular slime molds spend most of their lives as free-living cells

Back 56

true

Front 57

acellular slime molds are part of what phylum

Back 57

Mexomycota

Front 58

the plasmodium eventually produces sproangia, which in turn produce haploid what

Back 58

spores

Front 59

what is another name for water molds; what phylum are they from

Back 59

oomycetes; oomycota

Front 60

thin filaments produces by water molds

Back 60

hyphae

Front 61

fertilization in water molds occurs in the what

Back 61

oogonium

Front 62

what is an example of plan diseases that water molds cause

Back 62

mildews

Front 63

what did the Great Potato Famine lead to

Back 63

immediate migration of more than 1 million irish people to the u.s.