Chapter 2: The Planting Of English America (1500-1733)

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Joint Stock Company

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(1600s) This enabled a certain number of investors, which at this time were mostly adventurers, combine capital and out money into something and expect a positive return. Investors usually invested, earned a profit and quickly sold.

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Jamestown

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After making peace with Spain in 1606, King James I wanted settlers in the New World. Later that year, people set sail and in 1607, the English settled in an area they called Jamestown, Virginia. Although many died on the journey there due to disease and malnutrition, some didn't care because their only concerns included gold and new settlement. Jamestown had bad drinking water and lots of mosquitoes which caused even more death due to malaria and yellow fever.

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Captain John Smith

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(1608) He takes over as leader of the English to help them stay alive. He was considered a very strong leader and used his forceful policy of "doesn't work, doesn't eat". However, he was kidnapped by Indians and was sent to an "execution ritual" that was designed to show him that the Indians wanted peace, but he was still frightened. Later, he was saved by the Indian chief's daughter, Pocahontus.

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John Rolfe

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In 1610, tensions built up between the English and Indians thus causing Lord De La Warr to provoke war (Anglan- Powhatan War). Individuals raided and burned houses, but his all came to an end in 1614 when John Rolfe married Pocahontas and created peace. This came to be known as the first interracial union/marriage. He also was the founder of the tobacco industry that later cecame vital to the economy. In 1622, Indians attacked again and killed English settlers including John Rolfe.

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Pocahontus

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Pocahontus helped save Captain John Smith from her father's ritual and set him free. Ultimately she helped keep peace between Indians and English. This is also demonstrated in her marriage with Englishman John Rolfe in 1614.

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Virginia House of Burgesses

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In 1619, the Virginia House of Burgesses was created which consisted of several settlers in an assembly. It was basically a mini Parliament and was the basis of a representative self- government for the people. It's main purpose was to take care of legal problems.

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Royal Colonies

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These colonies were appointed by the British and were controlled by them as well. In an overview, all 13 colonies were considered royal colonies at one point as they were all ruled by and controlled by the English crown for a period of time.

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Corporate Colonies

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These colonies were British colonies that set up governments with trading companies/joint stock companies. All the power was given to the members of the company. Some examples of corporate colonies included Connecticut and Rhode Island.

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Proprietary Colonies

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These colonies gave power to one individual or a small group of individuals to rule, but first land had to be granted by the King. Some examples include New York, New Jersey and Delaware. Later in history, some of these colonies were changed to royal colonies.

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Chesapeake Colonies

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These colonies were located near the Chesapeake Bay area and used tobacco as their main source of money and economy. Some examples include Virginia and Maryland.

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Lord Baltimore

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In 1634, Lord Baltimore founded Maryland for sole purposes such as spreading Catholicism, serving as a place of refuge for Catholics and for profit. he thought many people would settle here to practice Catholicism, but Protestants in Virginia led to tensions. Maryland prospered with tobacco and labor as there was also freedom of worship in the state.

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Act of Toleration

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This act was passed in Maryland by Catholics in 1649 due to religious tensions. It granted religious toleration to only Christians and persecuted those of other religions. For example, Jews and atheists often received the death penalty because they didn't believe in Christ.

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Restoration Colonies

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These colonies were created due to land grants and charters given by King Charles II of England. It ultimately gave the English more power. Some of these colonies included Carolina and Pennsylvania.

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The Carolinas

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In 1670 during the Restoration Period , the emergence of the Carolinas became prevalent. It was named after King Charles and held emigrants from Barbados which became slaves and took control of sugar and rice plantations. Years later in 1712, the Carolinas split creating North and South Carolina, each its own royal colony.

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Rice Plantations

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In the 1670s, after much emigration of salves, rice became the number 1 export crop in the Carolinas. Slaves from Barbados knew how to grow rice because of the land they lived in before and were also susceptible to malaria. They were put to work in rice plantations which led to the rice crop thriving.

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Tobacco Farms

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Tobacco farms were quite prevalent in the plantation colonies which included Maryland, Virginia, Carolinas and Georgia. Most importantly, it primarily flourished in Virginia due to John Rolfe, the founder of the industry. Europe demanded land for tobacco growing, and they did just that. Virginia prospered because of this and the North American slave system began due to lack of labor.