Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining To The Body As A Whole

Front 1

anabolism

Back 1

process of building up larger proteins from smaller amino acids

Front 2

catabolism

Back 2

process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances for energy

Front 3

What is the cell membrane and its function?

Back 3

surrounds, protects, and regulates what comes in and out of a cell

Front 4

What are chromosomes?

Back 4

rod-like structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. All cells except sex cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes).

Front 5

What is cytoplasm and its function?

Back 5

all material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane that carries on the work of the cell

Front 6

What is DNA and its function?

Back 6

deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates activities of the cell according to its sequence

Front 7

What is the endoplasmic reticulum and its function?

Back 7

a network of cellular tunnels containing ribosomes which build proteins from amino acids

Front 8

What are genes?

Back 8

ordered regions on each chromosome that contain DNA

Front 9

What is a karyotype?

Back 9

an image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and number

Front 10

metabolism

Back 10

total of the chemical processes in a cell

Front 11

What are mitochondria and their function?

Back 11

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy for the cell

Front 12

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back 12

controls cell operations, cell division, structure, and function of the cell

Front 13

adipose tissue

Back 13

collection of fat cells

Front 14

cartilage

Back 14

flexible connective tissue attached to bones and joints

Front 15

epithelial tissue

Back 15

forms linings of internal organs and glands and the outer surface of skin on the body

Front 16

histologist

Back 16

a scientist specializing in the study of tissues

Front 17

larynx

Back 17

voice box

Front 18

pharynx

Back 18

throat

Front 19

pituitary gland

Back 19

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 20

thyroid gland

Back 20

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 21

trachea

Back 21

"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

Front 22

ureters

Back 22

tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 23

urethra

Back 23

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 24

uterus

Back 24

the womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Front 25

viscera

Back 25

the medical term for internal organs

Front 26

abdominal cavity (abdomen)

Back 26

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

Front 27

cranial cavity

Back 27

space in the head containing the brain surrounded by the skull

Front 28

diaphragm

Back 28

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 29

dorsal (posterior)

Back 29

pertaining to the back

Front 30

mediastinum

Back 30

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Front 31

pelvic cavity

Back 31

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

Front 32

peritoneum

Back 32

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Front 33

pleura

Back 33

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 34

pleural cavity

Back 34

space between the pleural layers surrounding each lung

Front 35

spinal cavity

Back 35

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Front 36

thoracic cavity

Back 36

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

Front 37

ventral (anterior)

Back 37

pertaining to the front

Front 38

hypochondriac regions

Back 38

right and left upper regions of the abdominopelvic area beneath the ribs

Front 39

epigastric region

Back 39

middle upper region of the abdominopelvic area above the stomach

Front 40

lumbar regions

Back 40

right and left middle regions of the abdominopelvic area near the waist

Front 41

umbilical region

Back 41

central region of the abdominopelvic area near the waist

Front 42

inguinal/iliac regions

Back 42

right and left lower regions of the abdominopelvic area near the groin

Front 43

hypogastric region

Back 43

middle lower region of the abdominopelvic area below the umbilical region

Front 44

RUQ

Back 44

right upper quadrant

Front 45

LUQ

Back 45

left upper quadrant

Front 46

RLQ

Back 46

right lower quadrant

Front 47

LLQ

Back 47

left lower quadrant

Front 48

cervical region

Back 48

neck region of the spinal column (C1 to C7)

Front 49

thoracic region

Back 49

chest region of the spinal column (T1 to T12)

Front 50

lumbar region

Back 50

loin (waist) region of the spinal column (L1 to L5)

Front 51

sacral region

Back 51

region of the sacrum of the spinal column (S1 to S5)

Front 52

coccygeal region

Back 52

region of the coccyx (tailbone) of the spinal column

Front 53

vertebra

Back 53

single backbone

Front 54

vertebrae

Back 54

backbones

Front 55

spinal column

Back 55

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Front 56

spinal cord

Back 56

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 57

disk (disc)

Back 57

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 58

anterior (ventral)

Back 58

front side of the body

Front 59

deep

Back 59

away from the surface

Front 60

distal

Back 60

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 61

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 61

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior sections

Front 62

inferior

Back 62

below another structure

Front 63

lateral

Back 63

pertaining to the side

Front 64

medial

Back 64

pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body

Front 65

posterior (dorsal)

Back 65

the back side of the body

Front 66

prone

Back 66

lying on the belly

Front 67

proximal

Back 67

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Front 68

saggital (lateral) plane

Back 68

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into left and right sides

Front 69

superficial

Back 69

on the surface

Front 70

superior

Back 70

above another structure

Front 71

supine

Back 71

lying on the back

Front 72

transverse (axial) plane

Back 72

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Front 73

abdomin/o

Back 73

abdomen

Front 74

adip/o

Back 74

fat

Front 75

anter/o

Back 75

front

Front 76

bol/o

Back 76

to cast (throw)

Front 77

cervic/o

Back 77

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

Front 78

chondr/o

Back 78

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

Front 79

chrom/o

Back 79

color

Front 80

coccyg/o

Back 80

coccyx (tailbone)

Front 81

crani/o

Back 81

skull

Front 82

cyt/o

Back 82

cell

Front 83

dist/o

Back 83

far, distant

Front 84

dors/o

Back 84

back portion of the body

Front 85

hist/o

Back 85

tissue

Front 86

ili/o

Back 86

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 87

inguin/o

Back 87

groin

Front 88

kary/o

Back 88

nucleus

Front 89

later/o

Back 89

side

Front 90

lumb/o

Back 90

lower back (side and back between the ribs and pelvis)

Front 91

medi/o

Back 91

middle

Front 92

nucle/o

Back 92

nucleus

Front 93

pelv/i

Back 93

pelvis, hip region

Front 94

poster/o

Back 94

back, behind

Front 95

proxim/o

Back 95

nearest

Front 96

sacr/o

Back 96

sacrum

Front 97

sarc/o

Back 97

flesh

Front 98

spin/o

Back 98

spine, backbone

Front 99

thel/o, theli/o

Back 99

nipple

Front 100

thorac/o

Back 100

chest

Front 101

trache/o

Back 101

trachea, windpipe

Front 102

umbilic/o

Back 102

navel, umbilicus

Front 103

ventr/o

Back 103

front side of the body

Front 104

vertebr/o

Back 104

vertbra(e), backbone(s)

Front 105

viscer/o

Back 105

internal organs

Front 106

ana-

Back 106

up

Front 107

cata-

Back 107

down

Front 108

epi-

Back 108

above

Front 109

hypo-

Back 109

below

Front 110

inter-

Back 110

between

Front 111

meta-

Back 111

change

Front 112

-eal

Back 112

pertaining to

Front 113

-iac

Back 113

pertaining to

Front 114

-ior

Back 114

pertaining to

Front 115

-ism

Back 115

process, condition

Front 116

-ose

Back 116

pertaining to, full of

Front 117

-plasm

Back 117

formation

Front 118

-somes

Back 118

bodies

Front 119

-type

Back 119

picture, classification