Chapter 2 - Salon Ecology

Front 1

What is the study of small organisms?

Back 1

Microbiology

Front 2

What is the study of bacteria called?

Back 2

Bacteriology

Front 3

What two other terms is bacteria sometimes referred to as?

Back 3

Germs or microbes

Front 4

What are one-celled micro-organisms called?

Back 4

Bacteria

Front 5

What are the two classifications of bacteria? Describe each

Back 5

1. Non-pathogenic: non-disease producing bacteria

2. Pathogenic: disease producing bacteria

Front 6

Approximately what percentage of all bacteria are non-pathogenic?

Back 6

Approximately 70%

Front 7

What are non-pathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease?

Back 7

Saprophytes

Front 8

Where do pathogenic bacteria live?

Back 8

Everywhere in your environment and even exist inside your body

Front 9

When a disease spreads from one person to another via contact what is it referred to as?

Back 9

Contagious or communicable

Front 10

What are three examples of a contagious or communicable disease?

Back 10

The common cold, hepatitis and measles

Front 11

What bacterial cells are spherical or round shaped?

Back 11

Cocci

Front 12

What are pus forming bacterial cells that form grapelike bunches or clusters? What are they present in?

Back 12

Staphylococci - present in abscesses, pustules and boils

Front 13

What are pus forming bacterial cells that form in long chains and what do they cause?

Back 13

Streptococci - cause septicemia, strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections

Front 14

What are bacterial cells that grow in pairs and what do they cause?

Back 14

Diplococci – certain infections including pneumonia

Front 15

What are bar or rod shaped bacterial cells and what diseases can they cause?

Back 15

Bacilli – tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria

Front 16

What are spiraled, coiled or corkscrew shaped bacterial cells called and what highly contagious diseases can they cause?

Back 16

Spirilla - syphilis, cholera and Lyme disease

Front 17

How can bacteria enter the body and cause infections?

Back 17

Through a break in the skin or through any of the body‘s natural openings such as nose, mouth, etc.

Front 18

Bacteria go through a growth cycle that consists of what two stages?

Back 18

An active stage and an inactive stage

Front 19

What happens in the active stage of bacteria growth and where does it occur?

Back 19

Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly. It usually takes place in a dark, damp or dirty area where a food source is available

Front 20

As bacteria absorb food, each cell grows in size and divides creating two new cells. What is this activity called?

Back 20

Mitosis

Front 21

What happens to bacteria when conditions are unfavorable?

Back 21

The cells die or become inactive

Front 22

What are the hair like projections which extends from the sides of the cell and allow for bacteria to move by themselves? Which types of bacteria will you find this?

Back 22

Flagella – Bacilli and Spirilla

Front 23

What are sub microscopic particles (much smaller than bacteria) that cause familiar diseases like the common cold?

Back 23

Viruses

Front 24

What are 10 other familiar diseases other than the common cold caused by viruses?

Back 24

Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections

Chickenpox

Mumps

Measles

Smallpox

Yellow fever

Rabies

HIV (AIDS)

Hepatitis

Polio

Front 25

What is a highly infectious disease that infects the liver?

Back 25

Human hepatitis B (HBV)

Front 26

What is a disease that interferes with the body‘s natural immune system and causes the immune system to break down? How is it spread?

Back 26

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) It is spread when bodily fluids from an infected individuals are absorbed into the bloodstream of an uninfected individual

Front 27

What are organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called host?

Back 27

External parasites

Front 28

What are molds and yeast that produce such contagious diseases as ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus, and non-contagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Back 28

Parasitic fungi

Front 29

What occurs when pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body‘s normal state?

Back 29

An infection

Front 30

What are disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids?

Back 30

Bloodborne pathogens

Front 31

What are six common means of spreading infection in a salon?

Back 31

Open sores

Unclean hands and implements

Coughing or sneezing

Common use of drinking cups and towels

Use of same implements on infected areas and non-infected areas

Unsanitary salon conditions

Front 32

What are the two basic classes of infection?

Back 32

Local infection

General (or systemic) infection

Front 33

What type of infection is located in a small, confined area such as a pimple or pus filled boil?

Back 33

Local infection

Front 34

What type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and there toxins to all parts of the body?

Back 34

General infection

Front 35

What do you call a person carrying disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease?

Back 35

An asymptomatic carrier

Front 36

The same infection control procedures should be used with all clients. What is this practice called?

Back 36

Universal precautions

Front 37

What is the ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body?

Back 37

Immunity

Front 38

What are the two types of immunity called?

Back 38

Active immunity and passive immunity

Front 39

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Back 39

Active immunity - results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce anti-bodies to that disease. It is long-lasting and sometimes life long

Passive immunity - provided when a person is given anti-bodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. It lasts only a few weeks or months

Front 40

What is the term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes?

Back 40

Infection control

Front 41

What are the three main categories of infection control?

Back 41

Sanitation

Disinfection

Sterilization

Front 42

What does sanitation mean?

Back 42

To remove dirt and debris to aid in preventing the growth of microbes. Sanitation methods clean and reduce microbes on the surface but do not kill microbes

Front 43

What does disinfection mean?

Back 43

To destroy or kill bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses on non-porous surfaces, such as implements

Front 44

What does sterilization mean?

Back 44

To destroy or killed all microbes

Front 45

What is the term, when dealing with infection control, that means ability to produce results or effectiveness?

Back 45

Efficacy

Front 46

What type of infection control is required for all tools and implements that have come in contact with blood or bodily fluids?

Back 46

Blood-borne pathogen disinfection

Front 47

What is the regulating agency under the department of labour that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace?

Back 47

OSHA (occupational safety and health administration)

Front 48

Who approves the efficacy of products used for infection control?

Back 48

The EPA (environmental protection agency)

Front 49

What are a group of disinfectants that kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pseudomonas?

Back 49

Broad spectrum disinfectants

Front 50

What are the six steps for the brush or comb disinfection procedure?

Back 50

1. Remove all hair from the brush or comb

2. Wash the brush or comb thoroughly with soap and water to remove any dirt, grease or oil

3. Rinse the brush or comb thoroughly and pat dry to avoid dilution when immersed in disinfectant

4. Immerse the brush or comb completely in disinfecting solution. Follow timing instructions for manufacture

5. Remove the brush or comb with forceps, tongs or gloved hands. Follow manufacturers directions for rinsing and drying

6. Store in a disinfected, dry, covered container or cabinet (referred to as a dry sanitizer) until needed

Front 51

Implements that come in contact with the client must be what?

Back 51

Discarded or disinfected

Front 52

What does decontaminated mean?

Back 52

Free from dirt, oil and/or microbes

Front 53

When a blood spill occurs what should be done with any blood soiled items?

Back 53

They should be double bagged and labelled as hazardous waste

Front 54

What are the three steps to treat a heat or electrical burn?

Back 54

1. If the skin is not broken, immerse the burned area in cool (not ice) water or gently apply a cool compress until the pain is relieved. Bandage with a clean, dry cloth

2. Do not break a blister if one forms. Do not apply ointments or creams.

3. If skin is broken or burns are severe call 911

Front 55

What are the three steps to treat a chemical eye injury?

Back 55

1. Hold the eyelids apart and flush the eyeball with lukewarm water for at least 15 to 30 minutes

2. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with a bandage

3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately

Front 56

What are the three steps to treat a cut, scratch or embedded object in the eye?

Back 56

1. Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with a bandage

2. Do not try to remove an embedded object

3. Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately