Chapter 2: Poverty And Wealth

Front 1

Social Stratification

Back 1

Society’s system of ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.

Front 2

Social Classes

Back 2

Categories of people who have similar access to resources and opportunities.

Front 3

Income

Back 3

Salary or wages from a job plus earnings from investments and other sources.

Front 4

Wealth

Back 4

The value of all economic assets owned by a person or a family minus any debts.

Front 5

Poverty Line

Back 5

An income level set by the US government for the purpose of counting the poor.

Front 6

Poverty Gap

Back 6

The difference between the actual income of a typically poor household and the official poverty line.

Front 7

Underclass

Back 7

Poor people who live in areas with high concentrations of poverty and limited opportunities for schooling or work.

Front 8

Hypersegregation

Back 8

Living in a high concentration, cut off from the majority of society and having limited/no access to schooling or work.

Front 9

Culture of Poverty

Back 9

Cultural patterns that encourage poverty as a way of life.

Front 10

Meritocracy

Back 10

A system of social inequality in which social standing corresponds to a personal ability and effort.

Front 11

Social Disorganization

Back 11

A breakdown in social order caused by rapid social change.

Rapidly growing cities and industries.

Front 12

Cultural Capital

Back 12

Skills, values, attitudes, and schooling that increases a person’s chance of success.

Front 13

Patriarchy

Back 13

A social pattern in which males dominate females.

Front 14

Taxation is an important government policy because it...

Back 14

Provides the government with the means to operate, discourages certain behaviors, and reduces economic inequality.

Front 15

Progressive Taxation

Back 15

A policy that raises tax rates as income increases (a modern Robin Hood).

Front 16

There is no standard definition of...

Back 16

The rich.

Front 17

The ___________ is directly linked to the cost of a basic diet.

Back 17

Absolute Poverty Line

Front 18

The ____________ is set at sixty percent of the median income level.

Back 18

Relative Poverty Line

Front 19

Poor health, substandard housing, homelessness, limited schooling, crime & punishment, and political alienation are all linked to...

Back 19

Poverty

Front 20

Oscar Lewis theorized that...

Back 20

People adapt to poverty, accept it as a way of life and give up all hope for improving it.

Front 21

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore theorized that...

Back 21

Differences in rewards given for various jobs- is a useful function in society. Some jobs require more development of knowledge and skills than others. Society can only motivate people to develop their abilities by offering higher rewards such as wage, power, and prestige for certain jobs.

Front 22

The University of Chicago developed what theory?

Back 22

The Social Disorganization Theory.

Front 23

Herbert Spencer developed what theory?

Back 23

The Social Darwinism Theory.

Front 24

Blaming the Victim

Back 24

Finding the cause of a social problem in the behavior of the people who suffer from it.

Front 25

The four steps of finding the cause of a social problem based on behavior are what?

Back 25

1. Pick an issue that you see as a social problem

2. Decide how people who suffer from said problem differ from everyone else.

3. Define the differences of said problem as the causes.

4. Respond to the problem by trying to change the victim, not the larger society.

Front 26

What theory suggests that the only way to end poverty is to end the industrial-capitalist system.

Back 26

The Marxist Theory.

Front 27

Conservatives believe that solving a social problem is a...

Back 27

Personal responsibility

Front 28

Liberals believe that solving a social problem is a...

Back 28

Societal Responsibility

Front 29

The radical left believe that solving a social problem is a...

Back 29

Call for the need of change to the system.