Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is neuroplasticity? |
The NVS potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury |
|
|
phenotypic plasticity |
an individuals capacity to develop into more than one phenotype |
|
|
What is the PNS? |
Neurons and nerve process outside CNS, sensory connections to receptors in the skin, motor connections to body muscles, sensory and motor connections to internal body organs |
|
|
somatic NVS |
part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles, joints, and skin that produce movement, transmit incoming sensory input, and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts. |
|
|
automatic NVS (ANS) |
part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands. |
|
|
afferent |
conducting towards a central NVS structure |
|
|
efferent |
conducting away from a CNS structure |
|
|
meninges |
three layers of protective tissue- dura mater (tougher, harder layer, outside the tissue) arachaid layer (thin sheet of delictae, inside)
pia mater-soft mater, tough INNER layer that clings to the brains surface
|
|
|
cerebrum |
MAJOR structure of the forebrain, consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres |
|
|
cerebellum |
LITTLE BRAIN-involved in coordination of motor and other mental processes
|
|
|
Cerebrospinal fluid (4 ventricles in the brain that carry this fluid) |
clear solution that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer (between the a layer and pia mater) in the subarchanoid space
cushions the brain! |
|
|
cerebral cortex |
thin, heavily folded film of nerve tissue composed of neurons that is the outer layer of the forebrain. Also called neocortex |
|
|
Definition of: (internal features of the brain): gyrus sulcus fissure |
g: a small protrusion or bump formed by folding of the cerebral cortex
s: a groove in brain matter, usually found in the neocortex or cerebellum
f: A very deep sulcus --->MIDBRAIN!
ex on slide 28 |
|
|
temporal frontal parietal occipital LOBES: |
t lobe: hearing, language and music abilities
f lobe: part of the cerebral cortex that functions characterized as performing the brain's "executive" functions like decision making
p lobe: functions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task, such as grasping an object (lies posterior to the central sulcus)
o lobe: visual processing begins..lies at the back of the brain with occipital lobe |
|
|
Internal features of the brain (Macro):
1.) Gray Matter 2.) White Matter 3.) Ventricle 4.) corpus callosum
|
1.) Gray matter: area's of the NVS system predominently composed of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity
2.) White Matter: area's in NVS rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells
3.) ventricle: one of the 4 cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism
4.) corpus callosum: fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
glial cells |
aid and modulate neurons activities approximately 80 million |
|
|
nucleus |
a group of of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping |
|
|
nerve |
large collection of axons coursing together OUTSIDE the CNS |
|
|
tract |
large collection of axons coursing together WITHIN the CNS
Darwin=materalism |
|
|
Hindbrain |
integrates both voluntary and involuntary movements includes: reticular formation pons medulla cerebellum |
|
|
reticular formation |
Midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed producing a netlike apperance. important for sleep wake cycle and behavioural arousal
|
|
|
pons |
connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain controls movements to the rest of the body |
|
|
cerebellum |
controls complex movements and cognitive functions |
|
|
midbrain |
produces orienting movements (ex:turning head to see source of sound) contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as for movements |
|
|
diencephalon |
the between brain that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex |
|
|
hypothalamus |
contains many nuclei associated with temperature, regulation, eating, drinking, and sexual behaviour
Through connections with pituitary gland
Important for hormonal functions and regulates things like fitting behaviour Will initiate behaviours (hunger, sexual behaviour...)
hypo=hormones |
|
|
thalamus |
information from all sensory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of neocortex
Primary role is sensory processing |
|
|
Forebrain (cerebral cortex) |
regulates various mental activities contains: limbic system basal ganglia neocortex |
|
|
basal ganglia |
controls of voluntary and involuntary movement
Packed together in a big nuclei collection of nuclei just below the white matter of the neocortex
|
|
|
limbic corex |
controlling motivational states 3-4 layers of grey matter regulates emotions and behaviour that create and require memory |
|
|
What is a disorder that is related to the basal ganglia? |
Parkinsons and toruette's syndrome |
|
|
the cortex (neocortex) |
6 layers of grey matter creates and responds to a perceptual world |
|
|
Limbic system |
group of structures: amygdala (emotional and sexual behaviours) hippocampus (memory) cortex (spatial navigation) regulation of:
|
|
|
dorsal fibers |
fibers that are afferent, they carry info from the body's sensory receptors (incoming info) |
|
|
ventral fibers |
efferent, they carry info from the spinal cord to muscles (outgoing info) |
|
|
sympathetic system |
arouses the body for action (fight or flight response) |
|
|
parasympathetic system |
rest and digest reverses the fight or flight responses |
