Chapter 2 Grade 10 Science Review

Front 1

Cell theory rule #1

Back 1

All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products

Front 2

Cell theory rule #2

Back 2

The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

Front 3

Cell theory rule #3

Back 3

All current cells come from other cells come from other cells, they did not come from non-living matter

Front 4

Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Back 4

Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Front 5

Cytoplasm

Back 5

Between the PM and Nucleus with a Jelly like material.

Site of chemical reactions and helps things move around.

Front 6

Plasma Membrane(PM)

Back 6

Outside the animal cell and inside plant walls with a double layer.

Maintaining Homeostasis

Front 7

Nucleus

Back 7

Spherical and within the cytoplasm.

Holds DNA and the nucleolus.

Front 8

Nucleolus

Back 8

A dark, usually spherical object within the nucleus.

Makes Ribosomes

Front 9

Ribosomes

Back 9

Small round dots made in the nucleolus within the cytoplasm.

Make proteins

Front 10

Mitochondria

Back 10

A jellybean shape inside the cytoplasm.

Powerhouse of the cell which converts glucose and oxygen into ATP and makes water and CO2 as waste

Front 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 11

A 3D network of tubes that starts at the PM and extends into the cytoplasm.

Has ribosomes and is important for transport

Front 12

Golgi Bodies

Back 12

Stack of Pancakes shaped within the cytoplasm.

Makes mucus and packages and processes materials.

Front 13

Lysosomes

Back 13

Spherical and within cytoplasm.

Digest and Recycle cell parts.

Front 14

Cell Wall(Plant Cell Only)

Back 14

Rigid, porous, and Outside of plant cells.

Protection and Structural Support.

Front 15

Large Vacuole(Plant Cell Only)

Back 15

Large and within the cytoplasm.

Storage and Makes Cell Firm.

Front 16

Chloroplasts(Plant Cell Only)

Back 16

Football Shaped within cytoplasm.

Uses CO2, Water, and solar energy to Energy with Glucose and Oxygen as waste products.

Front 17

Why can’t cells grow to large sizes?

Back 17

Because as a cell grows, it’s surface area to volume ratio decreases to the point where transport becomes inefficient.

Front 18

Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

Back 18

Sexual reproduction is between two organisms while Asexual reproduction can be done only with one

Front 19

What are the 3 main reasons for cell division

Back 19

Reproduction, Growth and Repair

Front 20

What are the three major stages of the cell cycle?

Back 20

Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Front 21

What are the stages of Mitosis

Back 21

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase(PMAP)

Front 22

What happens during Prophase?

Back 22

Strands of Chromatin condense into chromosomes.

Front 23

What happens during Metaphase?

Back 23

The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell, called the equator.

Front 24

What happens during Anaphase?

Back 24

The chromosomes start separating from each other because spindle fibres are pulling them both to the poles of the cell.

Front 25

What happens during Telophase?

Back 25

There are now two nuclei within one cell.

Front 26

What happens during Cytokinesis?

Back 26

The cell divides as the PM pinches inward, there are now two genetically identical daughter cells.

Front 27

What messages from proteins could cause cells to remain in interphase?

Back 27

Surrounding cells not wanting more division.

Not enough nutrients

DNA in nucleus has not duplicated

DNA is damaged

Front 28

What is Cancer?

Back 28

Cancer is when your cells decide to stop following the rules of the rest of your body

Front 29

Why can cell division cause Cancer?

Back 29

Cell division creates the possibility of DNA mutations which create the possibility of cancer

Front 30

What is a tumor?

Back 30

A tumor is created when cancer cells uncontrollably divide into a clump of many cells

Front 31

Difference between malignant and benign tumors

Back 31

Malignant tumors try to spread throughout the entire body unlike benign tumors

Front 32

Define Metastatis

Back 32

The spread of Cancer from the place where it first formed, to other parts of the body

Front 33

Identify Causes of Cancer

Back 33

Alcohol, Tobacco, Asbestos, Age, Sunlight etc.

Front 34

How should you reduce risk of Cancer?

Back 34

Don’t smoke or drink, exercise, and eat healthy.

Front 35

What are some types of treatments of Cancer?

Back 35

Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Radiation Therapy.