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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is culture
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Edward Tyler said "culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
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how is culture learned?
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through symbols
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symbols
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have no necessary natural connection to the things they stand for
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Cutural characeteristics
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-learned- through symbols and observation
-shared- through members of society -patterned- we live and think in these formed patterns of this culture -symbolic -all-ecompassing -instrumental, adaptive and maladpative (internalized, arbituary (not based on natural laws external to humans)) |
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Who said culture is dependent on symbolling?
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Leslie White
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enculturation
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unifies people by providing us with common experiences
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instrumental
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people use culture instrumentally, that is to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort, and reproduction
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hominids/hominins
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homindae-the zoologial family that includes fossil and living humans as well as chimps and gorrillas
hominins-just humans and fossils |
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what do we share with other nonhuman primates?
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tool making, teaching eachother, hunting
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How we differ from nonhuman primates?
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we share food pair boding, rules regarding incest, families keep ties
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cultural universals
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found in all cultures; biologically based universals include infant dependency, year-round (rather than seasonal) sexuality, and a complex brain that enables us to use symbols, languages, and tools
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cultural generalities
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many groups not all (kinship)
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cultural particularity
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unique to a specific culture
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agency
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refers to the actions that individuals take, both alone and in groups, in forming and transforming cultural identities
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civic culture
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includes its citizens compliance with the legal system, participation in formal elections, and membership in volutary and faith-based associations
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public culture
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the way people act in public
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levels of culture
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national culture, international cutlrue, and subcultures
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ethnocentrisism
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the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures
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cultural relativism
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the viewpoint that behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture
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human rights/ cultural rights
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-human rights invoke a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to the laws and customs of particular countries, cultures, and religions
-cultural rights are vested not in indivuals but in groups, such as religious and ethnic morities and indigenous societies |
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IPR
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intellectual property rights: has arisen in an teempt to conserve each society's cultural base-its core beliefs, knowledge, and practices
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mechanisms of cultural change
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-diffusion
-acculturation -independent invention |
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diffusion
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borrowing of traits between cultures
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acculturation
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the ongoing exchange of cultural features that results when groups have continuous first hand contact
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independent invention
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the process by which humans innovate, creatively finding solutions to problems
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globalization
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encompassing a series of processes that work transnationally to promote change in a world in which nations and people are increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent
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forces of globalization
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new economic unions hae been created through the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union (EU)
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functions of culture
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-provides members survival needs
-distribution of goods and services -reproduction success -enculturation of new members -maintain order within and between borders -adaptive to changing environment |
