Chapter 2: Culture And Ethics

Front 1

an ethical relativism requires an understanding of ________

Back 1

Cultural Relativism

Front 2

depends on the knowledge of the fundamental meaning of culture.

Back 2

Cultural Relativism

Front 3

is actually full of differing meanings with diverse context

Back 3

Culture

Front 4

a welsh cultural theorist.

Back 4

Raymond Williams (1921-1988)

Front 5

culture as "one of the two or three most complicated words in the english language"

Back 5

Raymond Williams (1921-1988)

Front 6

an etymology of culture which came from the Latin infinitive which means "inhabit, cultivate, protect, honour with worship"

Back 6

Colere

Front 7

it reveals complexity that spans its meaning.

Back 7

Culture

Front 8

Raymond Williams' essay that summarizes the complexity of culture in three clustered definitions.

Back 8

The Analysis of Culture (1961)

Front 9

definition "a state or process of human perfection, in terms of certain absolute and universal values."

Back 9

Ideal Definition of Culture

Front 10

this definition, in adjecto, understands culture as a process of human beings perfecting their qualities that distinguishes them from animals.

Back 10

Ideal Definition of Culture

Front 11

a Roman orator, statesman, and philosopher which takes the meaning of culture as the term "cultura animi." (from Ideal Definition of Culture)

Back 11

Cicero (106-43 BCE)

Front 12

cultura animi

Back 12

The Cultivation of the Soul

Front 13

definition "the body of intellectual and imaginative work, in which, in detailed way, human thought and experience are variously recorded."

Back 13

Documentary Definition of Culture

Front 14

to speak of cultural artifacts, such as burial jars and renaissance paintings, is to consider culture in the context of documenting and showing defferent human experiences in different time and place.

Back 14

Documentary Definition of Culture

Front 15

definition "a description of a particular way of life which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary bahavior."

Back 15

Social Definition of Culture

Front 16

an expression of a people's way of life. (from Social Definition of Culture)

Back 16

Culture

Front 17

defines culture as "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of peope at a particular time. "

Back 17

The Cambridge English Dictionary

Front 18

serves as the basis of the relation between culture and ethics.

Back 18

Social Definition of Culture

Front 19

generally it concerns right and wrong actions.

Back 19

Ethics and Morality

Front 20

keys of finding the relation between ethics and culture.

Back 20

Morality

Front 21

connotes the meaning of "customs. "

Back 21

Ethics and Morality

Front 22

a Greek term of Ethics

Back 22

Ethos

Front 23

a Latin term of Morality

Back 23

Mores

Front 24

refers to peoples's way of life as "Philippine culture and tradition" and "Philippines' customs and tradition"

Back 24

Custom

Front 25

the concepts of ______ and ______ in ethics are values in society, which arise from "general customs and beliefs" and a "particular way of life."

Back 25

Right and Wrong

Front 26

ethical values are then informed or determined by ______.

Back 26

Culture

Front 27

whether good or bad, or right or wrong, the values are dependent on the culture in which they are conceived and employed.

Back 27

Ethical Relativism

Front 28

a professor of philosophy at Brown University.

Back 28

John Ladd (1917-2011)

Front 29

the doctrine that the moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from the society to society and there are no absolute universal moral standards binding on all men at all times.

Back 29

Ethical Relativism of John Ladd

Front 30

it holds that whether or not it is right for an individual to act in a certain way depends on or is relative to the society which he belongs.

Back 30

Ethical Relativism of John Ladd

Front 31

people with different cultures have different values.

Back 31

Cultural Relativism

Front 32

they are dependent on culture

Back 32

Values

Front 33

he or she experiences a sudden change in a way of life.

Back 33

Culture Shock

Front 34

the values of right/wrong and good/bad are _______ to one's culture.

Back 34

Relative

Front 35

ethical relativism, therefore, implies ________.

Back 35

Cultural Relativisn

Front 36

what is ______ in a culture can be ______ in another.

Back 36

Good; Bad

Front 37

there is no ______ standard in determining ethical values.

Back 37

Singular

Front 38

she theorize that ethical and moral values, which vary in defferent societies and cultures, are really just "convenient terms for socially approved habits. "

Back 38

Ruth Benedict

Front 39

- she claimed that the organizing principle of ethical relativism is not a universal standard for what is good or bad, or right or wrong, but rather what socially acceptable.

- she also claimd the normal-abmormal categories of society.

Back 39

Ruth Benedict

Front 40

shows the social acceptability in relation to what is good or bad in given culture.

Back 40

Normal-Abnormal Categories

Front 41

if a certain action is normal in a given society, then it is _______.

Back 41

Good or Moral

Front 42

if a certain action is abnormal in a society, then it is _______.

Back 42

Bad or Immoral

Front 43

based on the idea that values are relative to culture, which refers to the way of life in a society.

Back 43

Cultural Relativism