Chapter 2: Brain And Behaviour

Front 1

Neuron:

Back 1

Individual nerve cell

Front 2

Soma:

Back 2

Cell body; body of the neuron (“body”)

Front 3

Dendrites:

Back 3

Receives messages from other neurons (“tree”)

Front 4

Axon:

Back 4

Carries information away from the cell body (“axle”)

Front 5

Axon Terminals:

Back 5

Branches that link the dendrites and soma of other neurons

Front 6

Myelin Sheath

Back 6

Fatty layer of tissue that coats axons

Many axons are covered with a tube-like MYELIN SHEATH
a fatty whitish insulation layer
Allows electrical conduction to skip from node to node (~300 km/hour)

Front 7

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 7

intervals where the myelin sheath is either thin or absent.

Front 8

Nerves:

Back 8

Large bundles of axons and dendrites

Front 9

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) occurs when

Back 9

occurs when myelin layer is destroyed; numbness, weakness, and paralysis occur

Front 10

Ablation:

Back 10

Surgical removal of parts of the brain.

Front 11

Deep Lesioning:

Back 11

A thin wire electrode is lowered into a specific area inside the brain. Electrical current is then used to destroy a small amount of brain tissue.

Front 12

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB):

Back 12

When an electrode is used to activate target areas in the brain.

Front 13

Electroencephalograph (EEG):

Back 13

Detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity in the brain

Front 14

Computed Tomographic Scanning (CT):

Back 14

Computer-enhanced X-ray of the brain or body

Front 15

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

Back 15

Uses a strong magnetic field, not an X-ray, to produce an image

Front 16

Frontal Lobe

Back 16

Higher-order cognitive functioning

No direct sensory input

Motor inputs to motor cortex

Includes motor speech area …Broca’s area

Front 17

Association Areas: Combine and process information from the five senses

Back 17

: Combine and process information from the five senses

Front 18

Aphasia:

Back 18

Speech disturbance resulting from brain damage

Front 19

Broca’s Area:

Back 19

Related to language and speech production