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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do protein contain |
Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon |
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How many proteins are essential and must be taken in through diet |
9 |
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How many proteins can be synthesized by the body |
11 |
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What are proteins made up of |
Combination of amino acids |
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When blood sugar falls what happens |
Negative feedback kicking and glycogen is pulled from muscle and liver(if needed) and converted to glucose to bring blood sugar up Ex: fasting over night to maintain blood sugar |
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What is a carbs purpose? |
Energy source Cellular structural component Energy storage |
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Polysaccharides |
Complex |
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Disaccharides |
Double sugar |
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Monosaccharides |
Simple sugar |
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What is the first source of energy for cells in the body? |
carbohydrates |
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The 3 most abundant elements in the body |
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen ( C,H,O) |
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what do Lipids contain |
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
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what do Carbohydrates contain |
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Acid-base balance of body tissue is maintained by the kidneys and lungs |
Acid-base balance of body tissue is maintained by the kidneys and lungs |
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Buffer |
Substance that prevents or reduces, changes in PH when either an acid or base is added |
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Base |
Substance that ionizes in water to release Hydroxyl (OH-) ions or other ions that combined with hydrogen ion ; a proton acceptor; s substance with a pH greater than 7.0 Alkaline |
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Atom |
Smallest unit of chemical element that retains the properties of the element |
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Acid |
Substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions, a proton donor, a substance with a pH less than 7.0 |
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Solute |
Substance that is dissolved in a solution |
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Solvent |
Fluid in which substance dissolves |
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Radioactive isotope |
Isotope with an unstable Atomic nucleus that decompose releasing energy or atomic particles |
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Protein |
Organic compound that contains nitrogen and consists of a chain of amino acid linked together by bonds |
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Four of the 21 make up approximately 95% of the human body weight |
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen ( C,O,H,N) |
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What happens when temperatures increase? |
Reaction rates increase |
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Enzymes |
Increase reaction rates |
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In some surgeries? the body is cooled so that the chemical reaction will be? |
Lower |
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Base |
Hydrogen ion acceptor |
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Acids |
Hydrogen ion donors |
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What happens when electrolytes get out of range? |
A negative feedback system kicks into bring the level back into normal range |
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pH of 7.0 |
Neutral |
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The pH value? |
Indicates the hydrogen ion concentration of any solution |
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pH < 7 .0 |
Becoming more acidic |
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pH > 7.0 |
Becoming more basic or alkaline |
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The more hydrogen ion in the blood it will make it what? |
Acidic |
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Neutralization reactions |
Occur between acid and bases produce salt and water |
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Buffer resist pH changes by? |
Neutralizing the effects of stronger acid and base |
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Root for fat? |
Lypo |
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Root for water? |
Hydro |
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Root for milk |
Lactose |
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Root for carbon, charcoal? |
Carb |
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Root for sugar / sweets? |
Glu, gly, Sach |
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Glucose breakdown (break apart) |
Glycolysis |
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What does cholesterol make? |
Bile |
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What is the most concentrated source of energy? |
Triglycerides |
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What is triglycerides made of? |
Glycerol and fatty acid |
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What is the most common lipid? |
Triglycerides |
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What do phospholipids do? |
Line cell membranes |
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What do lipids consist of? |
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C,H,O) |
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Fat breakdown (break apart) |
Lipolysis |
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Glucose production |
Glucogenesis |
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Breakdown using water?(take apart) |
Hydrolysis |
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Lipogenesis |
Fat production |
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
The compound is held together with high energy phosphate bonds |
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RNA |
Carries out the genetic instructions of the DNA |
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DNA |
Carries the instructions for the genetic material of each cell |
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Chemical symbols |
Abbreviations used to identify elements in chemistry and in the body |
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How many naturally occurring elements in our world? |
90 |
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How many of the 90 elements are needed by living organisms? |
21 |
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How many of the 21 elements make up approximately 95% of the human body weight? |
4 Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
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Molecules |
Formed when two or more atoms alike or different are chemically bonded together example: water |
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Compound |
Formed when two or more different atoms bond together in a fixed way to form a new substance that is different than the original atoms |
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Inorganic compound |
Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen |
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Organic compounds |
Do contain carbon and hydrogen atoms that are bonded together |
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NaHCO3 |
This is a compound known as sodium bicarbonate It is also a buffer |
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How many sodium atoms are in NaHCO3? |
1 |
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How many hydrogen atoms are in NaHCO3 |
1 |
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How many carbon atoms are in NaHCO3? |
1 |
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How many oxygen atoms are in NaHCO3 |
3 |
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What is H2CO3 |
Another compound called carbonic acid This also participates in acid-base balance ( buffering system) |
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The most abundant compound in living organisms? |
Water |
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What is the molecular formula for water? |
H2O |
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What is a solute? |
Solid that gets dissolved |
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What is 2/3 of body weight? |
Water |
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Synthesis |
Process by which atoms or molecules interact to form new more complex combinations Antabolic |
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Hydrolysis |
Water is used to break chemical bonds Catabolic |
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Dehydration synthesis |
The removal of water allows from compound reaction allows for synthesis of a more complex compound Anabolic |
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Lyseis |
Break apart |
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How does near drowning in warm water differ from near drowning in cold water or frozen lakes? |
Cool temperatures will slow everything for a better survival rate Hot speeds everything up and a up |
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Solution |
consists of a solute that is being dissolved in a solvent that does the dissolving |
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What is a universal solvent? |
Water |
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Suspension |
The particles settle in left and settled Example: oil dressing |
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Sugar and water are what? |
Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent |
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What is capable of conducting electrical current either + or - |
Electrolytes |
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Electrolytes |
Substance that breakup, in a solution to form charge particles or ions |
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Covalent bond |
Chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons |
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Carbohydrate |
Organic compound that contains carbon hydrogen oxygen with the hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2 to 1 ratio sugar, starch, and cellulose |
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Compound |
Substance formed from two or more elements joined by chemical bonds in a defiant or fixed ratio; smallest unit of a compound is a molecule |
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What is the smallest unit of a compound? |
Molecule |
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Electrical tracing of the brain and heart are actually tracing of what? |
Electrical currents created by the movement of electrolytes |
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Element |
Simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means |
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What does sodium (Na) need to stay between? |
135 -145 |
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What does potassium (K) need to stay between? |
3.5 and 5.0 |
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Hydrogen (H) |
Important acid-base balance |
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Hydroxide (OH) |
Important and acid-base balance |
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Chloride (Cl) |
Principal anion in fluid outside cell |
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Bicarbonate (HCO) |
Important in acid-base balance |
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Ammonium(NH4) |
Important in acid-base Balance removes toxic ammonia from the body |
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Phosphate (PO4) |
Component of bones teeth and high-energy molecules, important in acid-base balance |
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Iron (Fe) |
Important component of hemoglobin for oxygen transport |
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Calcium (Ca) |
Component of bones and teeth, Necessary for blood clotting and muscle constriction |
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Sodium (Na) |
Principal cation in fluid outside cells, important in muscle constriction and nerve impulse conduction |
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Potassium (K) |
Principal cation inside cells, important in muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction |
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Inorganic compound |
Chemical components that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen |
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Lipid |
Class of organic compounds that includes oil, fats, and related substances |
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Molecule |
Particle composed of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together, smallest unit of a compound |
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Isotope |
Atoms of a given element that have different numbers of neutrons and consequently different Atomic weights |
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Ionic bond |
Chemical bond that is formed when one or more electrons are transformed from one atom to another |
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Organic compound |
Chemical components that contain carbon hydrogen atoms conveniently bonded together |
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Anions vs cation |
Negative charge ion results from atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more valence electrons giving them a positive or negative change Cation: positive charge |
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Triglycerides |
Most common lipid in the body, efficient energy storage, insulation |
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Phospholipids |
Components of cell membranes also found in nerve tissue |
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Steroids |
Most common steroid is cholesterol, include sex hormones and adrenocortical hormones, vitamin D |
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Iodine |
Components of thyroid hormones |
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Magnesium |
Part of many important enzymes necessary for bones and teeth |
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Chloine |
Principal anion in fluid outside sales important in fluid balance |
