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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and volume |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy of motjon |
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Potential Energy |
Stored energy or energy of position |
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Chemical Energy |
Potential energy stored in chemicals. |
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Electrical Energy |
Due to flow of charged particles (metabolism) |
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Mechanical energy |
associated with machines or things in motion (waking) |
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Nuclear Energy |
Resulting from reactions in the atomic nucleus |
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Radiant Energy |
Energy in heat, light, x-ray & microwaves |
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Atoms |
He smaller units of matter that can exist separately |
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Proton |
Location: Nucleus Charge: positive Mass: 1 AMU |
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Neutron |
Location: nucleus Charge: N/A Mass: 1 AMU |
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Electrons |
Charge: negative Location: energy level shells Mass: N/A |
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Molecule |
Smallest unit of a compound or an element that can exist independently |
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Compound |
Formed from two or more elements in chemical combination with each other, in a fixed proportion Ex: CO2 |
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Heat |
The total internal kinetic energy of molecules. Measures in Calories |
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Temperature |
measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance. |
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Solid |
Molecules have strong attractive forces, very low kinetic energy, are packed tightly together. |
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Liquids |
Molecules have moderate attractive forces, some kinetic energy, are slightly farther apart (the can move apart and flow) |
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Gas |
Molecules have very high kinetic energy and are in constant motion, are the farthest apart and the attraction between the molecules is overcome by the very high speed of molecules. |
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Chemical Reaction |
change in matter in which different chemical substances are created by forming or breaking chemical bonds |
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Ionic bonds |
formed due to the force of attraction between positive and negative ions. Ionic compounds are the result Ex: sodium chloride (Acids, bases, and salts) |
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Covalent Bond |
Formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Both atoms that are shared acquire stable structures as a result. |
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Solution |
Liquid mixture of ions or molecules of two or more substances. |
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Solvent |
component of solution in larger quantities |
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Solvent |
component dissolved in solvent |
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Oxidation-Reduction |
chemical change in which electrons are transferred from one atoms to another and with it the energy contained in its electrons. ex: cellular respiration Oxidation= molecule loses an electron Reduction= what happens to the atom or molecule that gain the electron. |
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Dehydration Synthesis Reaction |
chemical changes in which water is released and a larger, more complex molecule is made from smaller, less complex parts. Made from H and OH |
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Hydrolysis Reactions |
water is used to break the reactants into small, less complex products. (Digestion) |
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Phosphorylation Reaction |
when a cluster of atoms known as a phosphate group is added to another molecule. |
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Acid-Base Reactions |
takes place when the ions of an acid interact with the ions of a base, forming a salt and water. |
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pH |
the degree to which a solution is acidic or basic. Below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. |
