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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clade |
A branch that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants |
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Cladogram |
An evolutionary tree that diagrams the ancestral relationships among organisms |
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Synapomorphy |
Derived character shared, uniquely by all members of a clade |
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Sister Taxa |
Taxa that shares an immediate common ancestor |
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Monophyletic |
Includes the most recent common ancestors of a group and all descendants of that ancestor |
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Paraphyletic |
Includes the most common ancestor of all members and some, not all, descendants |
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Polyphyletic |
Doesn’t include the most recent common ancestors, two separate evolutionary origins |
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Convexity |
If you can trace a path between any two members on a Cladogram
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Taxonomy |
Formal system for naming and grouping species to communicate natural order |
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Systematics |
Study of variation among populations to reveal evolutionary relationships |
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Goal of systematics |
Identify all species Evaluate evolutionary relationships Produce a hierarchical taxonomy |
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Systematization |
Taxonomist determining, if characteristics can accurately show, if an organism descends from a common ancestor |
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Homology |
Two organisms with the same traits because of common ancestry |
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Homoplasy |
Two organisms with the same traits that misrepresents common descent |
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Typological species concept |
Defined by fixed, essential features that separate them from any other individual |
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Biological species concept |
Reproductive community of populations (reproductively, isolated from others) that occupies a specific niche in nature |
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Evolutionary and cohesive species concept |
A distinct lineage with its own evolutionarily history |
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Phylogenetic species concept |
Single population for the edge with no detectable branching |
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General Lineage species concept |
A population extended through time |
