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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define matter. |
anything that has mass and occupies space |
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Name the 3 states of matter |
Liquid- changeable shape; definite volume Solid- definite shape and volume Gas- changeable shape and volume |
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Define energy |
capacity to do work or put matter into motion |
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Name the types of energy. |
Kinetic Potential |
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Define kinetic energy |
energy in action |
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Define potential energy |
stored (inactive) energy |
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List the forms of energy |
Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy |
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Chemical Energy |
stored in bonds of chemical substances |
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Electrical Energy |
results from movement of charged particles (ions) |
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Mechanical Energy |
Directly involved in moving matter |
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Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy |
travels in waves |
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Elements |
-composes matter -cannot be broken into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods -each has unique properties (physical & chemical) |
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Physical properties in elements |
-detectable with our senses (color and texture) or are measurable (boiling point or melting point) |
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Chemical properties in elements |
how atoms interact (bond) with one another |
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Define atoms |
-unique building blocks for each element -give each element its physical & chemical properties -smallest particles of an element with properties of that element |
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Define atomic symbol |
one or two letter chemical shorthand for each element |
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What are the four elements that make up 96.1% of body mass? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
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Planetary model |
-simplified; outdated -incorrectly depicts fixed circular electron paths -but useful for illustrations |
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Orbital model |
current model used by chemists -probable regions of greatest electron density -useful for predicting chemical behavior of atoms |
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Atomic Number |
-number of protons in nucleus |
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Mass Number |
total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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Isotopes |
-different atomic forms on an element -differ in the number of neutrons they contain -atomic numbers same; mass numbers different |
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Atomic weight |
average of mass numbers (relative weights) of all isotopes of an atom |
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Radioisotopes |
isotopes that exhibit radioactive behavior |
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Molecule |
two or more atoms bonded together -smallest particle of a compound with specific characteristics of the compound |
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Compound |
Two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together |
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Mixtures |
two or more components physically intermixed |
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Name the 3 types of mixtures |
solutions colloids suspensions |
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Solutions |
-homogeneous mixtures -most are true solutions in body -solute particles are very tiny -they don't settle -they don't scatter light |
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solvent |
substance present in greatest amount -usually a liquid; usually water |
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solute |
present in smaller amounts |
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How is concentration of true solutions expressed? |
-percent of solute in total solution -milligrans per deciliter -molarity |
