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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AQUA |
ship conducting research
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CARTOGRAPHER |
a person who makes maps and charts |
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CHALLENGER EXPEDITION |
the first wholly scientific oceanographic expedition, 1872-1876; named for the steam corvette used in the voyage |
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CHART |
a map that depicts mostly water and the adjoining land areas |
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CHINESE NAVIGATORS |
Ming Dynasty explorers active between 1405 and 1433 |
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CHRONOMETER |
a very consistent clock. it doesn't need to tell accurate time, but its rate of gain or loss must be constant and known exactly so that accurate time may be calculated |
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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451-1506) |
Italian explorer in the service of Spain who discovered islands in the Caribbean in 1492. although traditionally credited as the discoverer of America, he never actually sighted the North American continent |
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COMPASS |
an instrument for showing direction by means of a magnetic needle swinging freely on a pivot and pointing to magnetic north |
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JAMES COOK (1728-1779) |
officer in the British Royal Navy who led the first European voyages of scientific discovery |
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ECHO SOUNDER |
a device that reflects sound off the ocean bottom to sense water depth. its accuracy is affected by the variability of the speed of sound though water |
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ERATOSTHENES OF CYRENE (276-194 BCE) |
Greek scholar and librarian at Alexandria who first calculated the circumference of Earth about 230 BCE |
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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN(1706-1790) |
published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769 |
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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) |
satellite based navigation system that provides a geographical position-longitude and latitude-accurate to less than 1-meter |
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JASON-1 |
a follow-on satellite mission to TOPEX/Poseidon |
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LATITUDE |
regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running parallel to the equator |
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LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA |
the greatest collection of writings in the ancient world, funded in the third B.C.E at the behest of Alexander the Great; could be considered the first university |
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LONGITUDE |
regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running north and south and converging at the poles |
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FERDINAND MAGELLAN (c. 1480-1521) |
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain who led the first expedition to circumnavigate Earth, 1519-1522. was killed in the Phillipines |
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MATTHEW MAURY (1806-1873) |
"father" of physical oceanography. probably the first person to undertake the systematic study of the ocean as a full-time occupation, and probably the first to understand global interlocking of currents, wind flow, and weather |
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METEOR EXPEDITION |
German Atlantic expedition begun in 1925; the first to use an echo sounder and other modern optical and electronic instrumentation |
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NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA) |
us government |
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OCEANUS |
latin form of okeanos, the Greek name for the "ocean river" past Gibraltar |
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POLYNESIA |
a large group of Pacific Islands laying east of Melanesia and Micronesia and extending from the Hawai'ian Islands south to New Zealand and east of Easter Island |
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PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR |
established a center at Sagres, Portugal, for the study of marine science and navigation in the mid 1450s |
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TOPEX/POSEIDON |
joint French-U.S. satellite carrying radars that can determine the height of the sea surface with unprecedent accuracy. other experiments in this five-year program included sensing water vapor over the ocean, determining the precise location of the ocean currents, and determining wind speed and direction. |
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VIKINGS |
seafearing Scandanavian raiders who ravaged the coasts of Europe around C.E 780-1070 |
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VOYAGING |
traveling (usually by sea) with a specific purpose |
