Chapter 2

Front 1

Anabolism

Back 1

Process of building up complex proteins from simpler substances

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

Process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances

Front 3

Metabolism

Back 3

The total of the chemical process in a cell: Anabolism + Catabolism

Front 4

Cell membrane

Back 4

Semipermeable structure that surrounds and protects the cell

Front 5

Centrioles

Back 5

Tubular structures that maintain the cell's shape and move chromosomes during mitosis

Front 6

Chromosomes

Back 6

Rod-like structures containing regions of DNA called genes

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

The basic structure of genes that directs cell activity and transmits genetic information; Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 8

Protein factory where proteins are made from simple materials.

Front 9

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 9

Synthesizes lipids

Front 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 10

synthesizes proteins

Front 11

Golgi apparatus

Back 11

Processing factory where proteins are stored, modified, and transported

Front 12

Lysosome

Back 12

Site of intracellular digestion containing enzymes to disintergrate microorganisms and damaged tissue

Front 13

Mitochondria

Back 13

Energy factory of the cell in which foods are burned for energy

Front 14

Nucleoplasm

Back 14

Material within the nucleus

Front 15

Nucleus

Back 15

The control center of the cell that contains chromosomes

Front 16

Nucleolus

Back 16

Site of RNA synthesis. Plural form is nucleoli

Front 17

Protoplasm

Back 17

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Front 18

Ribosomes

Back 18

Structures found in endplasmic teticulum containing RNA, and the site of protein synthesis.

Front 19

Vacuole

Back 19

Fluid-filled cavity containing food, water, or waste products.

Front 20

Number of chromosomes in Humans

Back 20

46

Front 21

Number of chromosomes in dogs

Back 21

78

Front 22

Number of chromosomes in cats

Back 22

38

Front 23

Number of chromosomes in Horses

Back 23

64

Front 24

Number of chromosomes in Donkeys

Back 24

62

Front 25

Number of chromosomes in Cattle

Back 25

60

Front 26

Number of chromosomes in Sheep

Back 26

54

Front 27

Number of chromosomes in Goats

Back 27

60

Front 28

Number of chromosomes in pigs

Back 28

38

Front 29

Number of chromosomes in Chickens

Back 29

20

Front 30

Number of chromosomes in Birds

Back 30

69

Front 31

Adipose tissue

Back 31

Collection of fat cells

Front 32

Connective tissue

Back 32

Binds and supports various structures. Examples include fat, bone, blood, cartilage.

Front 33

Epithelial tissue

Back 33

Consists of epithelium, endothelium, and mesothelium

Front 34

Epithelium

Back 34

Lines external and internal body surfaces

Front 35

Endothelium

Back 35

Lines organs and blood vessels

Front 36

Mesothelium

Back 36

Lines cavities such as the peritoneum

Front 37

Muscle tissue

Back 37

Skeletal muscle, which is striated, voluntary muscle controlling movement.

Cardiac muscle, which is straited, involuntary muscle controlling the heart.

Visceral muscle, which is smooth, involuntary muscle controlling the internal organs (viscera).

Front 38

Nerve tissue

Back 38

Cells that conduct electrical impulses all over the body

Front 39

Organs

Back 39

Different tissues working together for a specific function

Front 40

System

Back 40

A group of different organs working together for a complex function

Front 41

Cavities

Back 41

The body can be divided into different areas that contain organs working together

Front 42

Cardiovascular Cavity

Back 42

Consists of organs such as the heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, and spleen

Front 43

Digestive Cavity

Back 43

Consists of organs such as the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Front 44

Endocrine Cavity

Back 44

Consists of organs such as the pancreas, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.

Front 45

Integumentary Cavity

Back 45

Consist of organs such as the skin, hair (fur), nails, and glands.

Front 46

Musculoskeletal Cavity

Back 46

Consists of organs such as the bones, muscle, and joints

Front 47

Nervous Cavity

Back 47

Consists of organs such as the brain and spinal cord

Front 48

Reproductive Cavity

Back 48

Consists of organs such as the ovaries, vagina, uterus, testes, and penis

Front 49

Respiratory Cavity

Back 49

Consists of organs such as the windpipe, lungs, and heart

Front 50

Urogenital Cavity

Back 50

Consists of organs such as the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Front 51

Abdominal Cavity

Back 51

Cavity containing organs such as the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas

Front 52

Cranial Cavity

Back 52

Cavity containing the brain

Front 53

Spinal Cavity

Back 53

Cavity contianing the spinal cord

Front 54

Thoracic Cavity

Back 54

Cavity containing organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

Front 55

Anatomy

Back 55

The form and structure of the body

Front 56

Benign

Back 56

Not malignant, non-invasive; not spreading

Front 57

Cartilage

Back 57

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at a joint

Front 58

Diaphragm

Back 58

Thin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 59

Endocrine glands

Back 59

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Front 60

Exorine glands

Back 60

Glands that secrete chemicals through tubes everywhere in the body

Front 61

Larynx

Back 61

Voice box

Front 62

Lavage

Back 62

Irrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity

Front 63

Malignant

Back 63

Tending to become progressively worse

Front 64

Membrane

Back 64

Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or an organ

Front 65

Peritoneum

Back 65

Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen

Front 66

Pharynx

Back 66

Throat

Front 67

Physiology

Back 67

Study of the body's function

Front 68

Trachea

Back 68

Windpipe

Front 69

Umbilicus

Back 69

The navel

Front 70

Ureter

Back 70

Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Front 71

Urethra

Back 71

Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 72

Viscera

Back 72

Internal organs

Front 73

Evisceration

Back 73

Displacement of internal organs outide the cavity that should contain them

Front 74

Hernia

Back 74

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that should contain in

Front 75

Prolapse

Back 75

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a natural opening

Front 76

Dorsal

Back 76

Pertaining to the back; closer to the back; away from the ground

Front 77

Ventral

Back 77

Pertaining to the belly; closer to the belly, toward the ground

Front 78

Cranial

Back 78

Pertaining to the head; closer to the head

Front 79

Caudal

Back 79

Pertaining to the tail; closer to the head

Front 80

Caudal

Back 80

Pertaining to the tail; closer to the tail

Front 81

Medial

Back 81

Pertaining to middle; closer to the median plane; closer to the midline

Front 82

Lateral

Back 82

Pertaining to the side; further from the median plane; further from the midline

Front 83

Proximal

Back 83

Pertaining to the beginning; nearer the point of attachment

Front 84

Distal

Back 84

Pertaining to far from the beginning; farther from the point of attachment

Front 85

Superficial

Back 85

Nearer the surface of the body

Front 86

Deep

Back 86

Farther from the surface of the body

Front 87

Plantar

Back 87

Pertaining to the caudal surface of the rear paw (manus) and carpus

Front 88

Rostral

Back 88

Pertaining to the nose; close to the nose

Front 89

Anterior

Back 89

Pertaining to the front side of the body

Front 90

Posterior

Back 90

Pertaining to the back side of the body

Front 91

Recumbent

Back 91

Lying Down

Front 92

Dorsal/Supine recumbency

Back 92

Animal is lying on its back

Front 93

Ventral/Sternal/Prone recumbency

Back 93

Animal is lying on its belly.

Front 94

Lateral recumbency

Back 94

Animal is lying on its side

Front 95

Dorsal Plane

Back 95

Divides the body into a belly side (ventral) and a back side (dorsal)

Front 96

Median/Midsagittal Plane

Back 96

Divides the body into equal right and left halves

Front 97

Sagittal Plane

Back 97

Divides the body into unequal right and left halves.

Front 98

Transverse plane

Back 98

Divides the body into cranial and caudal halves

Front 99

Planes of the body

Back 99

Imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body into different sections

Front 100

Intervertebral disk

Back 100

Cartilage pad between vertebrae used for cushion and support

Front 101

Spinal cord

Back 101

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 102

Spinal column

Back 102

Bones surronding the spinal cavity

Front 103

Vertebra

Back 103

Back bone

Front 104

Vertebrae

Back 104

Back bones

Front 105

Cervical (C)

Back 105

Neck area

Front 106

Thoracic (T)

Back 106

Chest area

Front 107

Lumbar (L)

Back 107

Lower back area (waist)

Front 108

Sacral (S)

Back 108

Sacrum

Front 109

Caudal; coccygeal (Ca, Cy)

Back 109

Tail area

Front 110

Vertebral formula: Dog and Cat

Back 110

C7 T13 L7 S3fused Ca(Cy)3-24

Front 111

Vertebral formula: Horse

Back 111

C7 T18 L6 S5fused Ca(Cy)15-21

Some Arabians have five lumbar

Front 112

Vertebral formula: Cattle

Back 112

C7 T13 L6 S5 Ca(Cy)18-20

Front 113

Vertebral Formula: Pigs

Back 113

C7 T14-15 L6-7 S4 Ca(Cy)20-23

Front 114

Vertebral Formula: Sheep and goats

Back 114

C7 T13 L6-7 S4 Ca(Cy)16-18

Front 115

Vertebral Formula: Chickens

Back 115

C14 T7 LS14fused Ca(Cy)6

Front 116

Cheek

Back 116

Fleshy portion on either side of the face, forming the sides of the mouth and continuing rostrally to the lips

Front 117

Chest

Back 117

Part of the body between the neck and abdomen; also called the thorax

Front 118

Chin

Back 118

Anterior prominenceof the mandible

Front 119

Elbow

Back 119

Joint where the humerus, radius, and ulna meet; medically known as the humeroradioulnar joint

Front 120

Flank

Back 120

Lateral aspect of the body between the ilium and ribs

Front 121

Forehead

Back 121

Region between the eyes and ears

Front 122

Hock

Back 122

Common name for the tarsus joint

Front 123

Muzzle

Back 123

Skin, muscles, and fascia of the upper and lower lip and including the nasal bones

Front 124

Pinna

Back 124

Flap of the ear; also known asthe auricle

Front 125

Rump

Back 125

Region around the pelvis, hindquarters, and buttocks; also known as the croup or gluteal region

Front 126

Shoulder

Back 126

Jointwhere the scapula and humerus meet; medically known as the scapulohumeral joint

Front 127

Stifle

Back 127

Joint where the femur and tibia meet; medically known as the femorotibial joint

Front 128

Tail

Back 128

Caudal appendage of the vertebral column made up of caudal vertebrae

Front 129

Abdomin/o

Back 129

abdomen

Front 130

Aden/o

Back 130

gland

Front 131

adip/o

Back 131

fat

Front 132

anis/o

Back 132

unequal (in size)

Front 133

anter/o

Back 133

front

Front 134

bol/o

Back 134

to cast (throw)

Front 135

caud/o

Back 135

tail

Front 136

cervic/o

Back 136

neck

Front 137

chondr/o

Back 137

cartilage

Front 138

chrom/o

Back 138

color

Front 139

coccyg/o

Back 139

tailbone

Front 140

crani/o

Back 140

skull

Front 141

crin/o

Back 141

to secrete

Front 142

cyt/o

Back 142

cell

Front 143

dist/o

Back 143

far; distant

Front 144

dors/o

Back 144

back of body

Front 145

duct/o

Back 145

to lead or carry

Front 146

hist/o

Back 146

tissue

Front 147

inguin/o

Back 147

groin

Front 148

kary/o

Back 148

nucleus

Front 149

laryng/o

Back 149

larynx; voice box

Front 150

later/o

Back 150

side

Front 151

lumb/o

Back 151

lower back

Front 152

medi/o

Back 152

middle

Front 153

my/o

Back 153

muscle

Front 154

neur/o

Back 154

nerve

Front 155

nucle/o

Back 155

nucleus

Front 156

path/o

Back 156

disease

Front 157

pelv/o

Back 157

pelvis (hip)

Front 158

peritone/o

Back 158

peritoneum

Front 159

pharyng/o

Back 159

pharynx; throat

Front 160

poster/o

Back 160

back;behind

Front 161

prot/o

Back 161

first

Front 162

proxim/o

Back 162

nearest

Front 163

Rhin/o

Back 163

Nose

Front 164

Sacr/o

Back 164

Sacrum

Front 165

Sarc/o

Back 165

Connective Tissue

Front 166

Spin/o

Back 166

Spine; backbone

Front 167

Stern/o

Back 167

Sternum

Front 168

Thel/o

Back 168

Nipple

Front 169

Thorac/o

Back 169

Chest

Front 170

Trache/o

Back 170

Trachea; windpipe

Front 171

Umbilic/o

Back 171

Umbilicus; navel

Front 172

vertebr/o

Back 172

Vertebrae; back bones

Front 173

Viscer/o

Back 173

Viscera; internal organs

Front 174

a-,an-

Back 174

no; not; without

Front 175

ana-

Back 175

up

Front 176

cata-

Back 176

down

Front 177

endo-

Back 177

in; within

Front 178

epi-

Back 178

above; upon; on

Front 179

hypo-

Back 179

deficient; below; under; less than normal

Front 180

inter-

Back 180

between

Front 181

meta-

Back 181

change

Front 182

neo-

Back 182

new

Front 183

uni-

Back 183

one

Front 184

-ac, -al, -ar, -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ior, -ose

Back 184

pertraining to

Front 185

-algia

Back 185

pain

Front 186

-centesis

Back 186

Surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

Front 187

-ectomy

Back 187

removal; excision; resection

Front 188

-ism

Back 188

process; condition

Front 189

-ist

Back 189

specialist

Front 190

-itis

Back 190

inflammation

Front 191

-logy

Back 191

study of

Front 192

-oma

Back 192

tumor; mass; fluid collection

Front 193

-osis

Back 193

abnormal condition

Front 194

-plasia

Back 194

development; formation; growth

Front 195

-plasm

Back 195

formation

Front 196

-plasty

Back 196

surgical repair

Front 197

-somes

Back 197

bodies

Front 198

-tomy

Back 198

incision; process of cutting

Front 199

__

C

Back 199

With

Front 200

__

S

Back 200

without

Front 201

CBA

Back 201

Cat Bite Abscess

Front 202

DHLPP-C

Back 202

Distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, parainfluenza, coronavirus - canine vaccine set

Front 203

ET tube

Back 203

Endotracheal tube

Front 204

FeLV

Back 204

Feline leukemia virus

Front 205

FIP

Back 205

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Front 206

FIV

Back 206

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Front 207

FVRCP

Back 207

Feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia -feline vaccine set

Front 208

HBC

Back 208

Hit by car

Front 209

IVD

Back 209

Intervertebral disk (disc)

Front 210

MM

Back 210

Mucous Membranes

Front 211

neg or -

Back 211

Negative

Front 212

pos or +

Back 212

positive

Front 213

pt.

Back 213

patient

Front 214

PT

Back 214

Physical therapy

Front 215

RV

Back 215

Rabies vaccine

Front 216

stat

Back 216

immediately

Front 217

V/D

Back 217

Vomiting/Diarrhea