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196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chemical bond-
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Forces formed by atom interactions
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Molecules
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Two or more atoms joined by strong bonds
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Compounds
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Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds
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Ionic bonds
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The electron donor loses one or more electrons and becomes a cation, with a positive charge
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Bonds goal:
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•To fill outer shell
•To have no overall charge |
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Ionic bonds
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An electron accepter gains an electron and becomes an anion with a negative charge
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Opposite charges in Ionic bonding...:
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Attracts the two charges together
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Covalent bonds
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Sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms
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One pair of electrons=
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Single covalent bond
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Chemical energy
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Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
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Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
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Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
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(Boosts metabolism )
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Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
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Forms chemical bonds (builds)
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Exchange reaction
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Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
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Reversible reactions
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Occurs simultaneously in both directions
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Enzymes
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Lower activation energy
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Boiling water and salt...
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Enzymes
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A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
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Activation energy
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The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
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Inorganic
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Lack carbon
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Two pairs of electrons=
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Double covalent bond
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Three pairs of electrons=
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Triple covalent bond
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Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Involve equal sharing of electrons
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Polar covalent bonds
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Unequal sharing of electrons
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Hydrogen bonds
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Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
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Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
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Surface tension
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Energy
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The power to do work
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Work
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A change in mass or distance
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion
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One pair of electrons=
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Single covalent bond
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Chemical energy
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Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
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Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
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Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
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(Boosts metabolism )
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Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
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Forms chemical bonds (builds)
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Exchange reaction
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Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
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Reversible reactions
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Occurs simultaneously in both directions
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Enzymes
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Lower activation energy
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Boiling water and salt...
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Enzymes
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A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
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Activation energy
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The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
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Inorganic
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Lack carbon
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Two pairs of electrons=
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Double covalent bond
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Organic
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Has carbon
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Three pairs of electrons=
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Triple covalent bond
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Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Involve equal sharing of electrons
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Polar covalent bonds
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Unequal sharing of electrons
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Hydrogen bonds
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Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
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Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
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Surface tension
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Energy
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The power to do work
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Work
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A change in mass or distance
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion
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One pair of electrons=
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Single covalent bond
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Chemical energy
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Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
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Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
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Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
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(Boosts metabolism )
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|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
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Forms chemical bonds (builds)
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Exchange reaction
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Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
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Reversible reactions
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Occurs simultaneously in both directions
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Enzymes
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Lower activation energy
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Boiling water and salt...
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Enzymes
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A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
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Activation energy
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The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
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Inorganic
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Lack carbon
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Two pairs of electrons=
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Double covalent bond
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Organic
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Has carbon
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Nutrients
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Molecules obtained from food
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Three pairs of electrons=
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Triple covalent bond
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Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Involve equal sharing of electrons
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Polar covalent bonds
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Unequal sharing of electrons
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Hydrogen bonds
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Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
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Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
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Surface tension
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Energy
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The power to do work
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Work
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A change in mass or distance
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion
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One pair of electrons=
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Single covalent bond
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Chemical energy
|
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
|
|
|
|
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
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Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
|
(Boosts metabolism )
|
|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
|
Forms chemical bonds (builds)
|
|
|
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Exchange reaction
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Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
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Reversible reactions
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Occurs simultaneously in both directions
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Enzymes
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Lower activation energy
|
Boiling water and salt...
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Enzymes
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A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
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Activation energy
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The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
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Inorganic
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Lack carbon
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Two pairs of electrons=
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Double covalent bond
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Organic
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Has carbon
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Nutrients
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Molecules obtained from food
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Metabolites
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Made or broken down in the body
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Three pairs of electrons=
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Triple covalent bond
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Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Involve equal sharing of electrons
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Polar covalent bonds
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Unequal sharing of electrons
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Hydrogen bonds
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Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
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Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
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Surface tension
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Energy
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The power to do work
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Work
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A change in mass or distance
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Kinetic energy
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Energy of motion
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One pair of electrons=
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Single covalent bond
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Potential energy
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Stored energy
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Chemical energy
|
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
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|
|
|
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
|
Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
|
(Boosts metabolism )
|
|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
|
Forms chemical bonds (builds)
|
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|
|
Exchange reaction
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Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
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|
|
Reversible reactions
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Occurs simultaneously in both directions
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|
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Enzymes
|
Lower activation energy
|
Boiling water and salt...
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
|
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|
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Activation energy
|
The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
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Inorganic
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Lack carbon
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Two pairs of electrons=
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Double covalent bond
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Organic
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Has carbon
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Nutrients
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Molecules obtained from food
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Metabolites
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Made or broken down in the body
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Inorganic
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NOT based on carbon and hydrogen
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Three pairs of electrons=
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Triple covalent bond
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|
|
Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Involve equal sharing of electrons
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|
|
Polar covalent bonds
|
Unequal sharing of electrons
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|
|
Hydrogen bonds
|
Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
|
Surface tension
|
|
|
|
Energy
|
The power to do work
|
|
|
|
Work
|
A change in mass or distance
|
|
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
|
|
One pair of electrons=
|
Single covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Potential energy
|
Stored energy
|
|
|
|
Chemical energy
|
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
|
|
|
|
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
|
Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
|
(Boosts metabolism )
|
|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
|
Forms chemical bonds (builds)
|
|
|
|
Exchange reaction
|
Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
|
|
|
|
Reversible reactions
|
Occurs simultaneously in both directions
|
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
Lower activation energy
|
Boiling water and salt...
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
|
|
|
|
Activation energy
|
The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
Lack carbon
|
|
|
|
Two pairs of electrons=
|
Double covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
Has carbon
|
|
|
|
Nutrients
|
Molecules obtained from food
|
|
|
|
Metabolites
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Made or broken down in the body
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
NOT based on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
BASED on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
Three pairs of electrons=
|
Triple covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Nonpolar covalent bonds
|
Involve equal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Polar covalent bonds
|
Unequal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds
|
Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
|
Surface tension
|
|
|
|
Energy
|
The power to do work
|
|
|
|
Work
|
A change in mass or distance
|
|
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
|
|
One pair of electrons=
|
Single covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Potential energy
|
Stored energy
|
|
|
|
Chemical energy
|
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
|
|
|
|
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
|
Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
|
(Boosts metabolism )
|
|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
|
Forms chemical bonds (builds)
|
|
|
|
Exchange reaction
|
Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
|
|
|
|
Reversible reactions
|
Occurs simultaneously in both directions
|
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
Lower activation energy
|
Boiling water and salt...
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
|
|
|
|
Activation energy
|
The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
Lack carbon
|
|
|
|
Two pairs of electrons=
|
Double covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
Has carbon
|
|
|
|
Nutrients
|
Molecules obtained from food
|
|
|
|
Metabolites
|
Made or broken down in the body
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
NOT based on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
BASED on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
The importance of water...:
|
• (2/3) of body weight
•high heat capacity •water is an excellent solvent |
|
|
|
Three pairs of electrons=
|
Triple covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Nonpolar covalent bonds
|
Involve equal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Polar covalent bonds
|
Unequal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds
|
Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
|
Surface tension
|
|
|
|
Energy
|
The power to do work
|
|
|
|
Work
|
A change in mass or distance
|
|
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
|
|
One pair of electrons=
|
Single covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Potential energy
|
Stored energy
|
|
|
|
Chemical energy
|
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
|
|
|
|
Decomposition reaction (catabolism)
|
Releases energy and breaks down chemical bonds
|
(Boosts metabolism )
|
|
|
Synthesis reaction (anabolism)
|
Forms chemical bonds (builds)
|
|
|
|
Exchange reaction
|
Breaks down (decomposition) and then (synthesis) builds
|
|
|
|
Reversible reactions
|
Occurs simultaneously in both directions
|
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
Lower activation energy
|
Boiling water and salt...
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
A chemical reaction in cells cannot start without help
|
|
|
|
Activation energy
|
The amount of help that is needed to get a reaction started
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
Lack carbon
|
|
|
|
Two pairs of electrons=
|
Double covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
Has carbon
|
|
|
|
Nutrients
|
Molecules obtained from food
|
|
|
|
Metabolites
|
Made or broken down in the body
|
|
|
|
Inorganic
|
NOT based on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
Organic
|
BASED on carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
|
The importance of water...:
|
• (2/3) of body weight
•high heat capacity •water is an excellent solvent |
|
|
|
Electrolytes
|
Inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solutions
|
|
|
|
Three pairs of electrons=
|
Triple covalent bond
|
|
|
|
Nonpolar covalent bonds
|
Involve equal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Polar covalent bonds
|
Unequal sharing of electrons
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds
|
Bonds between adjacent molecules, not atoms
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause...
|
Surface tension
|
|
|
|
Energy
|
The power to do work
|
|
|
|
Work
|
A change in mass or distance
|
|
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
