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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glorious Revolution
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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of English Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England.
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Colonial regions – New England, Middle, Chesapeake, Southern
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the English Quakers of Pennsylvania, the English Puritans of New England, the English settlers of Jamestown, and the "worthy poor" of Georgia, among others—each group came to the new continent and built colonies with distinctive social, religious, political and economic styles.
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Oliver Cromwell
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an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy and temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his rule as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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Joint-Stock Company
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a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company. Certificates of ownership ("shares") are issued by the company in return for each financial contribution, and the shareholders are free to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their shareholding to others.
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Richard Hakluyt
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an English writer. He is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1589–1600).
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Avarice
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insatiable greed for riches; inordinate, miserly desire to gain and hoard wealth.
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Captain John Smith
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an English soldier, explorer, and author. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Virginia Indian[1] girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay.
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Sir John Rolfe
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one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy.
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Sir Edwin Sandys
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an English statesman and one of the founders of the proprietary Virginia Company of London, which in 1607 established the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States in the colony of Virginia, based at Jamestown.
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Virginia Company
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a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on 10 April 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.
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Headright
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a legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave headrights to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit. Most headrights were for 1 to 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land, and were given to anyone willing to cross the Atlantic Ocean and help populate the colonies. These were granted to anyone who would pay for the transportation costs of a laborer or Indentured servant. These land grants consisted of 50 acres (200,000 m2) for someone newly moving to the area and 100 acres (0.40 km2) for people previously living in the area. By giving the land to the landowning masters the indentured servants had little or no chance to procure their own land. This kept many colonials poor and led to strife between the poor servants and wealthy landowners.
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House of Burgesses
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the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America. Its first meeting was held in Jamestown, Virginia, on June 30, 1619.
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Sir George Calvert
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1st Baron Baltimore, an English politician and coloniser. He achieved domestic political success as a Member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I, though he lost much of his political power after he snnounced his catholicism. Founded maryland.
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Lord Baltimore
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sir george calverts nickname
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Separatists
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A person working as part of a separatism movement, a political movement to gain autonomy for a group of people, and even full secession
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Mayflower Compact
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the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the colonists, later together known to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower. Almost half of the colonists were part of a separatist group seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of the English Church.
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Squanto
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the Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their first winter in the New World and was integral to their survival.
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Puritans
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a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England.
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John Winthrop
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one of several wealthy Puritan merchants and business men who in 1628 obtained a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company from King Charles I. In 1630 he led a group of colonists to the New World, founding a number of communities on the shores of Massachusetts Bay and the Charles River.
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Congregationalism
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system of church governance in which every local church congregation is independent, ecclesiastically sovereign, or "autonomous".
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Antinomianism
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a belief or tendency in most religions that some therein consider existing laws as no longer applicable to themselves
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Governor Nicolls
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an American attorney, politician, judge, and a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He served two terms as the 28th Governor of Louisiana, first from 1876 to 1880 and then from 1888 to 1892.
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Duke's laws
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covered nearly every facet of life on Long Island and were published in alphabetical order—from how arrests were to be carried out, how juries were to be picked, to the amount of the bounty paid for dead wolves.
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Peter stuyvesant
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the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City.
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George fox
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an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends.
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"freemen"
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A person not in slavery or serfdom.
One who possesses the rights or privileges of a citizens. |
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Roger Williams
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an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the first Baptist church in America, the First Baptist Church of Providence, before leaving to become a Seeker. He was a student of Native American languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.
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Anne Hutchinson
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an early-17th century Puritan living in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands who became the leader of a dissident church discussion group. Hutchinson held Bible meetings for women that soon appealed to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons. Some of these offended colony leadership and Hutchinson was accused of practicing antinomianism. A major controversy ensued and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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William Penn
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an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
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Charter of liberties
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the rights given to the citizens.
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true and absolute lord proprietors of carolina
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the lords who owned and used land and manufactured it
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fundamental constitutions of carolina
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adopted in March 1669 by the eight Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina, which included most of the land between what is now Virginia and Florida. It replaced the Charter of Carolina and the Concessions and Agreements of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of Carolina (1665). Unpopular with many of the early settlers, the Fundamental Constitutions were never ratified by the assembly, and were largely abandoned by 1700.
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james oglethorpe
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a British general, member of parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia in the United States. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prisons, in the New World
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