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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to the author, what is the definition of medicine? |
A society what of dealing with illness and injury |
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According to World Health Organization, what are the three components of health? Your author added a fourth component. What is it? |
Physical, mental, social. Spiritual |
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What is the sick role? |
a concept that concerns the social aspects of becoming ill and the privileges and obligations that come with it (what you get because of being sick) |
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Give four components of the sick role |
-You are not held responsible for being sick -You are exempt from normal responsibilities -You don't like the role -You will get competent help as soon as you can return to your routine (given sympathy and encouragement. Not given if don't want and considered responsible for being sick) |
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What are the "gate keepers" of the sick role? |
Gate Keepers= Guard the door of too many people claiming the sick role. Before parents call the school to excuse child from class, they decide wether child is faking or has actual symptoms. Parents and doctors are the gate keepers- decide weather faking or actually have symptoms then decide wether they are serious enough to keep the child home from school, giving them permission to play the sick role. |
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Explain the ambiguity in the sick role |
99.5 temperature may not go to work, but, 99.5 degree temperature you may go out to celebrate your birthday with friends. ( you may have a temperature thats a little over but don't actually feel sick, may be able to function) social considerations rather then physical condition can play a different wether you claim the sick role or not |
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Explain the gender difference in claiming the sick role |
Women are more willing than men to claim the sick role when they don't feel well. Women go to doctors more frequently than men, hospitalized more often than men. Men tend follow the macho role... "tough it out" |
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What contribution did Abraham Flexner make to medicine ? |
By 1906 there were 1,160 medical schools in U.S. ...Carnegie Foundation asked Flexner (an educator) to evaluate the schools. Assuming gifts (supplies) would be coming from the carney foundation, even the most inadequate medical schools open their doors to flexure. Flexure advised that to raise standards, philanthropies (organizations) should find the most promising schools..thus, upgraded facilities, hired more capable faculty, and got better students. The Flexner Report (1910) led to the professionalization of medicine- doing a service to society rather then just following self interest |
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What is meant by the professionalization of median? |
Profession- doctors subscribe medicine: -Undergo a rigorous education -Claim a theoretical understanding -Regulate themselves: Tell self what right vs wrong -Assert they were performing a service for society: rather than just following self interest, do for others -Take authority over clients |
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What were the major diseases of the 1900s and what are the major diseases today? |
(1900s) tuberculosis, pneumonia, diarrhea, heart disease, kidney disease (2005) Heart disease, cancer, strokes, respiratory disease-breathing, accidents- smashing car |
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How did medicine get to be a monopoly (one controller) ? |
American Medical Association gained control over U.S Medicine and were able to get laws passed that limited medical licenses to graduates of schools they controlled. (couldn't get licenses unless went to their schools they controlled) By controlling the education and licensing of physics, this group silence most competing philosophies of medicine. (only their way of how you do it) |
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According to the author, is medicine a right or a commodity in the U.S.? Which do you think it should be? |
Living in a commodity right now. If medical is a right then all citizens should have access to similar medical care. If medical care is a commodity, then the rich will have access to one type of care and the poor to another.(those with no money have to settle with less or no care. only those who can afford it can buy quality health care) |
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What is the two tier system of medical care in the U.S.? |
Poor get the left-overs, while rich get it all. Wealth receive superior medical care and poor inferior medical care. |
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Explain "defense medicine" and relate to the cost of medicine |
Patient suing doctor... medical malpractice insurance is expensive. (doctor getting sued because feel doctor did not do right job. Such as saying you have HVU cancer and really don't. This is expensive for doctor to defend him self .DF= these day the doctor does lab test and talk to colleges just to leave a paper trail just in case sued) |
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According to the author, how many wrong patient, wrong side, or wrong procedure surgeries are performed each year in the U.S.? |
4,000 |
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How many patients are killed each year by mistakes made in U.S. hospitals? |
44,000 to 98,000 |
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What does the author state about this statistic? |
Most medical care is conducted in offices and clinics, but these are not included in the above statistics. Would double the statistics. |
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If death from medical errors were an official classification, where would it rank as a leading cause as of death in the U.S.? |
6th |
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List (and understand) nine issues in health care as described by the author |
Commodity- Rich have access to 1 type of health care well poor to another (only those who can afford it can buy quality health care well those with no money have to settle with less or none) Social Inequality- Two-tier system. Middle class or rich people who have mental problems would be sent to a private counselor where poor would be sent to state mental hospital or jail. Malpractice and defensive medicine- leave paper trail just in case sued. Medical Incompetence- Wrong doing. Wrong leg example Depersonalization: medical cash machine- Treated like cases and disease not people. Doctors view patients as cash machines. Count minutes work with them less minutes more people so more money. Conflict of Interest- Doing of interest of patients or company. (you as an employee don't no if product is safe or not or if theres better ones out there but do for interest of company so say products excellent even if not) Medical fraud- Medicine is so expensive that you put less medicine in pill so you can sell same amount of medicine and make more money or charging people for medicare and say did lots of medical procedures to many people and really didn't. Not harming people so don't care. Sexism and racism In medicine -doctors don't take women health complaints as serious as men. White given more medical treatment then blacks. Medicalization of society- The transformation of human condition into a medical matter to be treated by physicians. Medicine to treat such as wrinkles balding, acne have become medical problems |
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What is mean by "medicalization of society"? |
The transformation of human condition into a medical matter to be treated by physicians. Dropping buttock, wrinkles , droopy eyes |
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What is euthanasia? Is it legal in the U.S.? If so, where? |
Mercy killing..physician assisted suicide (someone so sick they don't even want to live so ask doctor to kill them) Oregon (1997) and Washington (2008 |
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What are (and explain) four methods of curbing/reducing the cost of medical care? |
Health Management Organizations: set fees. Doctors can only charge so much based on what HMO says. Working for big companies you get HMO. Diagnosed Related Groups: Federal governments has classified all illnesses into diagnosed-related group and has set amount it will pay for the treatment of each illness. Doctors want to get patients sent out fast as come be to make a profit, once gov can't pay anymore want them gone. National Health Insurance : 47 million uninsured americans. Can't afford or employer doesn't give them. Rationing medical care: Who do we give treatment to vs not? We can afford to provide technology for everyone. Grandpa about to die just let him. |
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Explain "dumping" |
Discharging unprofitable patients Early discharge (HMO can only cover you up to a certain amount of money so if you are to sick hospital can't make a profit off of you ) |
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According to the author, what are six threats to health in the U.S? |
AIDS Weight to much and too little Alcohol and nicotine Disabling environments, asbestos- used in building houses and world war. Harmful to peps health occupations environment like riding rodeos. Medical experiments, callous and harmful Tuskegee syphilis experiment- gave people disease and didn't tell them they had it, wanted to see what it did ...cold war radiation experiment - people march through an atomic bomb and see if can withstand radiation without getting sick Globalization of diseases: like flu bug |
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What is meant by alternative medicine? Give examples. |
Non tradition medicine (medicine for assign cultures) Acupuncture (needles), aromatherapy, yoga, meditation, leeches and so on |
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Explain fee for service |
Pay out of pocket for medical treatment |
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According to your author, what do doctors mean by adverse events? |
When doctor/physician makes a medical mistake and doesn't admit it because doesn't want to be sued. |
