Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Abnormal internal or external discharge of blood.
|
Hemorrhage
|
|
|
State of inadequate tissue perfusion.
|
Shock
|
|
|
3 types of hemorrhage:
|
Capillary (oozing)
Venous (dark red stops in minutes) Arterial (bright red, spurting) |
|
|
3 step response to stop blood loss.
|
Clotting
1. Vascular (smooth muscle contracts) 2. Platelet (platelets adhere to each other) 3. Coagulation (Fibrin formed around wound 7-10 min) |
|
|
Protein fibers that trap red blood cells as part of clotting process.
|
Fibrin
|
|
|
4 factors that hinder clotting:
|
Movement of wound
Too much fluid therapy Low body temp Blood thinners or platelet inhibitors |
|
|
4 steps to stopping external hemorrhage:
|
Direct press
Elevate Pressure pt Tourniquet |
|
|
Constrictor used on extremity to apply circumferential pressure on all arteries.
|
Tourniquet
|
|
|
T or F: Once the bleeding stops take tourniquet off.
|
F: Lactic acid, potassium and other anaerobic cells will be septic and head back to heart to then disperse through body.
|
|
|
Compound produced from pyruvic acid during anaerobic glycolyis.
|
Lactic acid
|
|
|
Use a tourniquet that is ___.
|
Wide so not to damage tissue underneath
|
|
|
Fibrous membrane that covers, supports and separates muscle.
|
Fascia
|
|
|
Collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment.
|
Hematoma
|
|
|
Humerus and tib/fib fractures account for __ to __ blood loss.
|
500-750 ml
|
|
|
Femur fractures may be up to __.
|
1,500 ml
|
|
|
Best indicator for internal hemorrhage include __, __ and __.
|
MOI
Local S/S Early signs of shock |
|
|
Nose hemorrhage.
|
Epistaxis
|
|
|
Caustic ingestion and rupturing esophageal varices may lead to a hemorrhage here...
|
Esophagus
|
|
|
Enlarged esophageal veins.
|
Esophageal veins
|
|
|
Tarlike feces due to GI bleed.
|
Melena
|
|
|
Nontraumatic hemorrhage is can be due to __.
|
Anemia
|
|
|
Reduction of hemoglobin in blood to a point required to meet O2 requirements for body.
|
Anemia
|
|
|
__ % of the body is fluid.
|
60%
|
|
|
Stage 1 Hemorrhage:
% lost Tot amount |
15%
500-750 ml Compensate with little change in S/S |
|
|
Stage 2 Hemorrhage:
% Tot |
15-25%
750 - 1,250 ml Anxiety, restlessness and thirst |
|
|
Stage 3 Hemorrhage:
% Tot |
25 - 35%
1,250 - 1,750 ml Classic shock presentation Survival unlikely w/o intervention |
|
|
Stage 4 Hemorrhage:
% Tot |
Greater than 35%
Lethargic Unresponsive Survival unlikely |
|
|
Injuries with significant blood loss:
|
Contusion 500 ml
Humerus/Tibia 750 ml Femur 1,500 ml Pelvis 2,000 ml |
|
|
S/S internal hemorrhage EARLY:
|
Pain/Tender
Bleeding from orifices Vomiting bright blood |
|
|
S/S internal hemorrhage LATE:
|
Anxiety
Weakness Thirst Melena Sluggish pupils N/V |
|
|
Bloody red stool.
|
Hematochezia
|
|
|
BP drop from sitting to standing.
|
Orthostatic hypotension
|
|
|
Drop of Sys BP of 20 and HR up 20 bpm when PT moved from supine to sitting. Sign of hypovolemia.
|
Tilt test
|
|
|
Pressure points for hemorrhage control:
|
Radial
Brachial Femoral Popliteal (back of leg for leg and foot) |
|
|
T or F: Stop fluids from ear so brain does not go into shock.
|
F: Cover area with porous dressing to catch fluid.
|
|
|
Cover neck wound with ___.
|
Occlusive dressing
|
|
|
___ is the underlying killer of all trauma PTs.
|
Shock
|
|
|
Total changes that take pace in an organism during physiological processes.
|
Metabolism
|
|
|
Blockage in delivery of oxygenated blood to cells.
|
Ischemia
|
|
|
Once blood loss stops blood draws from the interstitial space at a rate of __ per hour.
|
1 Liter
|
|
|
Group of RBC that stick together in capillaries due to shock.
|
Rouleaux
|
|
|
When body finally release build up of lactic acid, carbon dioxide, potassium and rouleaux.
|
Capillary washout
|
|
|
Stages of Shock:
|
Compensated: HR up, Clammy and cool, restless, thirsty
Decompensated: P unpalpable, BP drops, unresponsive, R slow or stop Irreversible: Death pending |
|
|
Capnography is especially important in ______________, as an abnormally low alveolar CO2 level may produce severe _______________.
|
Head injury
Cerebral vasoconstriction P841 |
|
|
Pericardial tamponade is treated with ___________ in the field and requires rapid transport to a ____________.
|
IV fluids
Trauma center P842 |
|
|
During the assessment, be alert to the possibility that ___________________ is not the problem or is not the only problem affecting your pt.
|
Hemorrhagic shock
P842 |
|
|
At the end of the rapid or focused secondary assessment what should you do?
|
Inventory your findings.
Set the pts priority for transport. Set priority for the order in which you will care for the injuries. P843 |
|
|
Be very careful to look for ____________ and areas of ______________, suggestive of trauma.
|
reddening (erythema)
Local warmth P843 |
|
|
If there is any sign of tension pneumothorax, confirm it and provide pleural decompression where?
|
Either at the 2nd intercostal space, midclavcular line or at the 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line.
P844 |
|
|
The most practical choice for prehospital fluid resuscitation is?
|
LR
P844 |
|
|
A blood pressure of ___mmHg may be optimal for the pt with continuing internal hemorrhage.
|
88
P846 |
|
|
In children, infuse ____________ of body weight rapidly when you see any signs and symptoms of shock.
|
20mL/kg
P846 |
|
|
Durning fluid resuscitation, cautiously control fluid volume, remembering that your goal is to what?
|
Maintaining vitals signs, not improving them.
P846 |
