Chapter 22 23

Front 1

Incidences of musculoskeletal injury are second in frequency to?

Back 1

Soft tissue injuries in trauma

Front 2

T or F Bone is alive and requires a constant supply of oxygenated circulation.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Types of muscular injuries

Back 3

Contusion
Compartment syndrome
Penetrating injury
Muscle fatigue
Muscle Cramp
Muscle Spasm
Muscle Strain

Front 4

Condition in which a muscle's ability to respond to stimulation is lost or reduced through overactivity

Back 4

Fatigue

Front 5

Muscle pain resulting from overactivity, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of waste products.

Back 5

Cramping

Front 6

Intermittent or continuous contraction of a muscle

Back 6

Spasm

Front 7

Injury resulting from overstretching of muscle fibers

Back 7

Strain

Front 8

Tearing of a joint capsule's connective tissue

Back 8

Sprain

Front 9

Partial displacement of a bone end from it's position in a joint capsule

Back 9

Subluxation

Front 10

Complete displacement of a bone end from it position in a joint capsule.

Back 10

dislocation

Front 11

Types of Sprains

Back 11

Type I Minor
Type II Significant but not complete tear
Type III Complete Tear

Front 12

A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused the fracture do not penetrate the skin.

Back 12

Closed Fracture

Front 13

A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused the fracture penetrate the surrounding skin

Back 13

Open Fracture

Front 14

Types of Fractures

Back 14

Open
closed
hairline impacted
transverse oblique
comminuted
spiral
greenstick
epiphyseal

Front 15

Small crack in a a bone that does not disrupt its total structure

Back 15

Hairline fracture

Front 16

Break in a bone in which the bone is compressed on itself

Back 16

Impacted Fracture

Front 17

A break that runs across a bone perpendicular to the bone's orientation

Back 17

Transverse fracture

Front 18

Break in a bone running across it at an angle other then 90 degrees

Back 18

Obliques fracture

Front 19

Fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces

Back 19

Comminuted fracture

Front 20

A curving break in a bone as may be caused by rotational forces

Back 20

Spiral fracture

Front 21

Break in a bone associated with prolonged or repeated stress

Back 21

Fatigue fracture

Front 22

Partial fracture of a childs bone

Back 22

Greenstick fracture

Front 23

Disruption in the epiphyseal plate of a childs's bone

Back 23

Epephyseal fracture

Front 24

Weakening of bone tissue due to loss of essential minerals, especially calcium

Back 24

Osteoporosis

Front 25

Thickened area that forms at the site of a fracture as part of the repair process

Back 25

Callus

Front 26

Acute or chronic inflammation of the small synovial sacs

Back 26

Bursitis

Front 27

Inflammation of a tendon and/or its protective sheath

Back 27

Tendonitis

Front 28

Inflammation of a joint

Back 28

Arthritis

Front 29

Inflammation of a joint resulting from wearing of the articular cartilage

Back 29

Osteoarthritis

Front 30

Chronic disease that causes deterioration of peripheral joint connective tissue?

Back 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 31

Inflammation of joints and connective tissue due to buildup of uric acid crystals

Back 31

Gout

Front 32

Joint inflammation caused by a tick introduced infectious agent

Back 32

Lyme Disease

Front 33

The six P's in evaluating limb injury

Back 33

pain
pallor paralysis
paresthesia
pressure pulses

Front 34

A pelvic fracture may account for how much blood loss?

Back 34

2 liters

Front 35

A femur fracture may account for how much blood loss?

Back 35

1.5 liters

Front 36

Evaluate a distal extremity for what?

Back 36

Pulse, temperature, color, sensation, and cap refill

Front 37

Do not attempt alignment of dislocations within how close to a joint

Back 37

3 inches

Front 38

When possible place limbs of dislocations in what position?

Back 38

Position of function

Front 39

Always check what before and after splinting?

Back 39

PMS

Front 40

Traction splints were developed when?

Back 40

During World War I

Front 41

Always consider a ___ pt for rapid transport?

Back 41

Pelvic fracture

Front 42

The returning of displaced bone ends to their proper anatomical orientation.

Back 42

Reduction

Front 43

Fibular fractures are relatively stable while ____ fractures are not

Back 43

Tibial

Front 44

The most commonly fractured bone in the body

Back 44

Clavicle

Front 45

Pillow splints can be used for what injuries?

Back 45

Ankle and foot

Front 46

The thinnest bone and most frequently fractured cranial bone.

Back 46

Temporal

Front 47

The halo test is for what fluid

Back 47

CSF Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 48

Types of direct brain injury

Back 48

Focal and Diffuse

Front 49

Focal Types of brain injury

Back 49

Cerebral contusion
Intracranial hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma intracerebral hemorrhage

Front 50

Diffuse Types of brain injury

Back 50

Concussion (mild to moderate diffuse axonal injury)
Moderate diffuse axonal injury
Severe diffuse axonal injury (formerly brainstem injury)

Front 51

The most commonly injured lobe?

Back 51

Frontal

Front 52

Accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the cranium

Back 52

Epidural hematoma

Front 53

Collection of blood directly beneath the dura mater?

Back 53

Subdural hematoma

Front 54

Bleeding directly into the tissue of the brain?

Back 54

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Front 55

Type of brain injury characterized by shearing, stretching, or tearing of nerve fibers with subsequent axonal damage

Back 55

DAI Diffuse axonal injury

Front 56

A transient period of unconsciousness. In most cases, the unconsciousness will be followed by a complete return of function.

Back 56

Concussion

Front 57

A concussion disrupts what activity?

Back 57

Electrical

Front 58

Response due to cerebral ischemia that causes an increase in sytemic blood pressure, which maintains cerebral perfusion during increased intracranial pressure.

Back 58

Cushings reflex

Front 59

Respiratory pattern of alternating peroids of apnea and tachypnea

Back 59

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

Front 60

The combination of increasing blood pressure, slowing pulse, and erratic respirations in response to increased intracranial pressure

Back 60

Cushing's triad

Front 61

Scoring system for monitoring the neurologic status of pts with head injuries

Back 61

GCS Glascow Coma Score

Front 62

Evaluation of what is very important in head injuries

Back 62

Eyes

Front 63

Classification system for fractures involving the maxilla

Back 63

Le Fort criteria

Front 64

Types of Le Fort criteria

Back 64

I - Slight instability to maxilla with no displacement
II - Fracture of both maxilla and nasal bones
III - Fracture involving entire face below brow ridge ( zygoma, nasal bone and maxilla)

Front 65

What is double vision called?

Back 65

Diplopia

Front 66

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, in front of the iris.

Back 66

Hyphema

Front 67

Blood or fluid draining from a pts ear suggests what type of fracture?

Back 67

a Basilar skull fracture

Front 68

A nontraumatic occlusion of the retinal artery resulting in a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye.

Back 68

Acute retinal artery occlusion

Front 69

Condition that may be of traumatic origin and presents a dark curtain obstructing a portion of the field of view.

Back 69

Retinal detachment

Front 70

Ventilations for the serious head trauma pt are guided by what?

Back 70

Capnography

Front 71

A slow and strong pulse may be an indicator and early sign of what?

Back 71

Intracranial pressure

Front 72

The response of both eyes to changes in light intensity that affect only one eye.

Back 72

Consensual reactivity

Front 73

Special concern of the head injury pt is what?

Back 73

Blood Glucose level

Front 74

If pts eyes become sluggish and lackluster this is a sign of what?

Back 74

Cerebral hypoxia

Front 75

If one eye becomes sluggish non reactive and dilated this indicates?

Back 75

Intracranial Injury

Front 76

The two forms of surgical pathways for air?

Back 76

Needle Cricothyrostomy and Open Cricothyrotomy

Front 77

Quick-Trak and Pertrach are variations of what?

Back 77

Needle Cricothyrostomy

Front 78

Insert the needle for a cricothyrostomy at what angle?

Back 78

45

Front 79

Incision for a open cricothyrotomy should be vertical and how long?

Back 79

1-2 cm

Front 80

The second incision on a open cricothyrotomy should be what?

Back 80

1 cm and horizontal

Front 81

You may have to close what after you perform a open cricothyrotomy to ensure proper ventilations?

Back 81

Persons mouth

Front 82

Concerning a head injury hyperventalation and hypoventilation effect the body how?

Back 82

Hyperventilation causes profound cerebral vasoconstriction and reduced cerebral perfusion. Hypoventilation increases the circulating CO2 levels, causing cerebral vasodilation and an increase in ICP.

Front 83

What is the first line drug used for pt with suspected head injury?

Back 83

Oxygen

Front 84

Involuntary contraction or twitchings of muscle fibers?

Back 84

Fasciculations

Front 85

Use of what drug is contraindicated in a head injury pt?

Back 85

Dextrose

Front 86

When transporting head injury pt's limit use of what?

Back 86

Outside stimulation such as lights and sirens, try to provide a smooth ride

Front 87

Consider suctioning to prevent emesis in pt's with what?

Back 87

Facial fractures

Front 88

Sedatives used for head trauma

Back 88

Diazepam (Valium)
Etomidate (Amidate)
Midazolam (Versed)
Morphine (Duramorph, Astramorph)
Fentanyl

Front 89

Thiamine is important for processing what through the Krebs Cycle?

Back 89

Glucose

Front 90

What diuretic is used for ICP?

Back 90

Mannitol

Front 91

Person complaining of deep burning pain may have what syndrome?

Back 91

Compartment

Front 92

Open fractures have a degree of risk of what?

Back 92

Infection

Front 93

What percentage of pt with serious multisystem trauma have musculoskeletal injuries?

Back 93

80 percent

Front 94

Referencing a persons skin pallor what does that mean?

Back 94

Skin may be pale or flushed and cap refill maybe delayed.

Front 95

Types of splinting devices?

Back 95

Rigid
Formable
Soft
Traction

Front 96

Medications commonly used with musculoskeletal injuries

Back 96

Nitrous Oxide
Diazepam (Valium)
Morphine
Fentanyl
Nalbuphine

Front 97

List another name for "Battle Signs"

Back 97

Retroauricular ecchymosis

Front 98

Battle signs include what type of fracture?

Back 98

Auditory canal and lower lateral areas of the skull

Front 99

Another name for "Raccoon eyes"

Back 99

Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis

Front 100

Battle signs and Raccoon eyes generally appear when?

Back 100

After an injury and not likely while pt is in paramedics care

Front 101

Direct injury is caused by what?

Back 101

The forces of trauma and can be associated with a variety of mechanisms. Rapid acceleration, deceleration or penetrating injury are the cause.

Front 102

Focal injuries occur where?

Back 102

At specific locations in the brain and include contusions and intracranial hemorrhages.