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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transcription
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The synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template.
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mRNA
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Carries genetic info. from DNA to ribosomes.
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Translation
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The synthesis of a polypeptide which occurs under the direction of mRNA.
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RNA Processing
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Modifications to an RNA molecule after transcription, including splicing, polyadenylation, and editing.
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Primary Transcript
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An RNA molecule that has not yet undergone any modification after its synthesis.
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Triplet Code
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The standard version of the genetic code, in which a sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
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Template Strand
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The strand of DNA that is transcribed to make RNA.
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RNA Polymerase
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The enzyme that copies DNA into RNA.
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Transcription Unit
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A segment of DNA that contains transcription initiation and termination sites, and is transcribed into a single RNA molecule.
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Transcription Factors
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Specialized proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and turn on or turn off the expression of different sets of genes.
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Transcription Initiation
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The assembly, upstream of a gene, of the complex of proteins that will subsequently copy the gene into RNA.
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Aminoacetyl tRNA Synthesis
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An enzyme that joins each amino acid to the correct tRNA.
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Terminator
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A sequence of polynucleotides that causes transcription to end and the newly synthesized nucleic acid to be released from the template molecule.
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RNA Splicing
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The removal of introns from primary RNA transcripts.
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Exon
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A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
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Intron
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A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
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tRNA
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Translates from mRNA to Amino Acid sequence.
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Anticodon
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A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
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rRNA
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A class of RNA molecules that have an integral role in ribosome structure and function.
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Codon
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A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
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Point Mutation
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A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
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Nonsense Mutation
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A point mutation that generates either a premature stop codon, or a codon that does not specify any amino acid.
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Insertion
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Insertion of one or more nucleotides.
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Deletion
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Deletion of one or more nucleotides.
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Frameshift Mutation
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Insertion or deletion of a number of bases not divisible by three in an open reading frame in a DNA sequence. Such mutations usually result in the generation, downstream, of nonsense, chain-termination codons.
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Mutagen
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An agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.
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Mutation
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A change in the genetic material.
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