Chapter 16: Water Supply - Chief Concepts

Front 1

In rural areas, fire departments often depend on water from _______ sources to maintain their water supply.

Back 1

Static

Front 2

Water may be used from the static source directly or transported via a _________________________________ .

Back 2

mobile water supply tanker/tender

Front 3

Tenders/Tankers are designed to carry large volumes of water, ranging from _____ gallons to _____ gallons.

Back 3

500 gallons / 5000 gallons

Front 4

Dry or drafting hydrants have a __________ on one end and connect to a fire apparatus to supply water from a _______ source.

Back 4

Strainer / Static

Front 5

_______ ________ are carried on fire apparatus and can hold between 600 (2,727 liters) and 5000 gallons (22,730 liters) of water. These tanks can be set up quickly and linked together to increase the water storage capacity.

Back 5

Portable Tanks

Front 6

Municipal water systems make clean water available to people in populated areas and provide water for fire protection. ___________ make this water supply available to the fire department.

Back 6

Hydrants

Front 7

Municipal water systems can draw water from wells, rivers, or lakes; they carry the water via ________ or canals to a water treatment facility, and then to the ________ __________ __________, a complex network of underground pipes.

Back 7

Pipelines / water distribution system

Front 8

Most municipal water supply systems use both _____ and ______ to deliver water.

Back 8

Pumps / Gravity

Front 9

Underground water mains come in several sizes. ________ , or ___________, carry large quantities of water to a section of a city. Smaller mains, or________ , distribute water to a smaller area. The smallest pipes, or ___________, carry water to the users and hydrants along individual streets.

Back 9

Large Mains/Primary Feeders; Secondary Feeders; Distributors

Front 10

_________ are located at the connection points where the underground mains meet the ___________ pipes. These valves can be used to prevent water flow if the water system in the building or the fire hydrant is damaged.

Back 10

Shut-off valves / Distributor

Front 11

The two types of fire hydrants are ___________ hydrants and _________ hydrants.

Back 11

wet-barrel/dry-barrel

Front 12

Wet-barrel hydrants are used in areas where temperatures do not _________________ . These hydrants do not have to be drained after each use.

Back 12

drop below freezing

Front 13

Dry-barrel hydrants are used in areas where temperatures drop below freezing. When this type of hydrant is not in use, the ________________.

Back 13

barrel must be dry

Front 14

Fire hydrants are located according to _________ ________ and __________ ___________ ____________. In many communities, hydrants are located at every street intersection.

Back 14

local standards / nationally recommended practices

Front 15

Fire fighters must be proficient in operating fire hydrants, including the tasks of _________ the hydrant, ________ the hydrant, and _______ the hydrant.

Back 15

Turning on / Shutting Off / Inspecting

Front 16

The flow or quantity of water moving through a pipe, hose, or nozzle is described in terms of its ______, usually specified in ___________________.

Back 16

Volume / units of gallons (or liters) per minute

Front 17

Water pressure refers to an ____________ and is measured in units of psi (or kilopascals). Volume and pressure are two different, but mathematically related, ______________.

Back 17

energy level / measurements

Front 18

Water that is not moving has potential (_________) energy. When the water is moving, it has a combination of ________ energy and _________ (in motion) energy. Both the quantity of water flowing and the pressure under a specific set of conditions must be measured when testing any water system, including hydrants.

Back 18

static / potential / kinetic

Front 19

Static pressure is created by ___________ pressure and/or _______ pressure.

Back 19

elevation / pump

Front 20

__________ ___________ refers to the amount of pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal consumption.

Back 20

Normal operating pressure

Front 21

________ ___________ is the amount of pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing.

Back 21

Residual pressure

Front 22

______________ measures the quantity of water flowing through an opening. A __________ is used to measure __________ in psi (kPa) and to calculate the flow in gallons per minute (liters per minute).

Back 22

Flow pressure / Pitot gauge / flow pressure

Front 23

Knowing the ___________, the _______ in gallons per minute, and the _____________ enables fire fighters to calculate the amount of water that can be obtained from a hydrant or a group of hydrants on the same water main.

Back 23

static pressure; flow; residential pressure

Front 24

Fire hoses are used as supply hoses and as attack hoses. ____________ are used to deliver water from a static source or from a fire hydrant to an attack engine. ___________ range in size from 1 inch to 6 inches (25 mm to 152 mm).

Back 24

Supply hoses; Fire hoses

Front 25

Small-diameter hose (SDH) ranges in size from ___ ____to ____ _______(25 mm to 50 mm) in diameter. It is commonly used for attack lines.

Back 25

1 Inch / 2 inches

Front 26

Medium-diameter (MDH) hose has a diameter of ___ _______ or ___ ________ (65 mm or 76 mm). It is used for both attack and supply lines.

Back 26

2½ / 3 inches

Front 27

Large-diameter hose (LDH) has a diameter of ___________ (88 mm) or more. It is used for supply lines.

Back 27

3½ inches

Front 28

Fire hose is constructed with an ________________ surrounded by either one or two outer layers.

Back 28

inner waterproof liner

Front 29

___________ are used to connect individual lengths of fire hose together. They are also used to connect a hose line to a hydrant, to an intake or discharge valve on an engine, or to a variety of nozzles, fittings, and appliances. A __________ is permanently attached to each end of a section of fire hose.

Back 29

Couplings / Couplings

Front 30

The two types of couplings are ________ couplings and __________ couplings.

Back 30

threaded / Storz-type

Front 31

Threaded couplings are used on most hoses up to __________ in diameter and on soft suction hose and hard suction hose. Threaded couplings consist of a male coupling and a female coupling.

Back 31

3 inches (76 mm)

Front 32

Storz-type couplings are _________ on both ends.

Back 32

the same

Front 33

Supply hose can either be _____ suction or ______ suction.

Back 33

soft / hard

Front 34

Soft suction hose is a short section of LDH that is used to connect a fire department engine directly to the ____________________ on a hydrant. It has a female connection on each end, with one end matching the local hydrant threads and the other end matching the threads on a large-diameter inlet to the engine.

Back 34

large steamer outlet

Front 35

A hard suction hose is a special type of supply hose that is used to _________ __________ from a static source such as a river, lake, or portable drafting basin. It is designed to remain ______ and will not collapse when a vacuum is created in the hose to draft the water into the pump. It can also be used to carry water from a fire hydrant to the pumper.

Back 35

draft water / rigid

Front 36

Fire hose should be inspected and tested following the procedures in NFPA ________.

Back 36

1962

Front 37

The most common causes of hose damage are:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Back 37

1) Mechanical damage
2) heat and cold damage
3) chemical damage
4) mildew damage

Front 38

Visual hose inspections should be performed at least __________. A visual inspection of hose should be performed after each use. If any defects are found, the length of hose should be ____________________________.

Back 38

quarterly / marked and removed from service

Front 39

Hose appliances include wyes, gated wyes, water thieves, Siamese connections, __________, reducers, hose jackets, _________, and hose clamps.

Back 39

adaptors / hose rollers

Front 40

Rolled hose is ______ and __________ _____ _________. A fire hose can be rolled many different ways, depending on how it will be used. Follow the SOPs of your department when rolling hose.

Back 40

compact / easy to manage

Front 41

The objective of laying a supply line is to deliver water from a hydrant or a static water source to _________________. In most cases, this operation involves laying a ___________ out of the bed of the fire apparatus as the vehicle drives forward. It can be done using either a _________________________________.

Back 41

an attack engine / continuous hose line / forward lay or a reverse lay

Front 42

A ________ _________ starts at the hydrant and proceeds toward the fire; the hose is laid in the same direction as the water flows—from the hydrant to the fire.

Back 42

forward lay

Front 43

A ________ _________ involves laying the hose from the fire to the hydrant; the hose is laid in the opposite direction to the water flow.

Back 43

reverse lay

Front 44

A ____________ __________ _________ is performed by two engine companies in situations where hose must be laid in two different directions to establish a water supply. The attack engine drops the end of its supply hose at the corner of the street and performs a forward lay toward the fire. The supply engine stops at the same intersection, pulls off enough hose to connect to the end of the supply line that is already there, and then performs a reverse hose lay to the hydrant or static water source. With the two lines connected together, the supply engine can pump water to the attack engine.

Back 44

split hose lay

Front 45

The hose must be ___________ ____________ from the hose bed, without kinks or twists, and without the possibility of becoming caught or tangled.

Back 45

easily removable

Front 46

The ideal hose load would be easy to load, avoid ____________________ on the hose, have few ________ bends, and allow the hose to play out of the hose bed smoothly and easily.

Back 46

wear and tear / sharp

Front 47

Several different techniques are used to carry and advance supply hose. The best technique for a particular situation will depend on the size of the hose, the _________ over which it must be moved, and the number of fire fighters available to perform the task.

Back 47

distance

Front 48

Several different techniques are used to carry and advance supply hose. The same techniques can be used for both _________ lines and ___________ lines.

Back 48

Supply / Attack

Front 49

Whenever possible, a hose line should be laid out and positioned ____________________ to the location where it will be operated before it is __________________.

Back 49

as close as possible / charged with water

Front 50

A ____________ line is much heavier and more difficult to maneuver than a dry hose line.

Back 50

charged

Front 51

A suitable amount of ______ ______ should be available to allow for maneuvering after the line is charged.

Back 51

extra hose

Front 52

What is a reservior

Back 52

A Human Made water storage facility

Front 53

Why are chemicals used in a water treatment plants

Back 53

To Kill bacteria and harmful organisms

Front 54

From what direction should a fire hydrant be visible

Back 54

All directions

Front 55

Why Should hydrants be opened slowly

Back 55

To avoid pressure surge

Front 56

What is one unit of messure in which water flows is reported

Back 56

Gallons per minute

Front 57

How if at all does the water delivered to fire hydrants differ from the water delivered into homes

Back 57

It does not differ

Front 58

During fire hydrant inspection the first two factors to check are accessibility and ?

Back 58

Visiblity

Front 59

When the order is received to open a hydrant how should it be opened

Back 59

Slowley

Front 60

What is on advantage to using a portable tank set up

Back 60

speed

Front 61

What kind of valve enables tankers to off load their entire load of water vary quicky

Back 61

A dump valve

Front 62

__________is defined as a water source such as a pond, river, stream, or other body of water that is not under pressure

Back 62

Static Water Source

Front 63

Which nfpa standard addresses the standard on water supplies for suburban and rural fire fighting

Back 63

NFPA 1142

Front 64

______ is a type of hydrant used in areas subject to freezing weather. the valve that allows water to flow into the hydrant is located underground

Back 64

Dry-barrel hydrant

Front 65

Hydrants should be checked on a regular schedule of no less frequently then once _______ to ensure that they are in proper operating condition

Back 65

a year

Front 66

Which nfpa standard addresses the installation of private fire service mains and their appurtenances

Back 66

NFPA 124

Front 67

_______ is the amount of pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing

Back 67

Flow Pressure

Front 68

_______ Is potential energy, because it would cause the water to move if there were some place the water could go. This kind of pressure causes the water to flow out of an opened fire hydrent

Back 68

Static Pressure

Front 69

A______ is used to protect a hose line that is being hoisted over the edge of a roof over a window sill. this appliance keeps the hose from chafing or kinking at the sharp edge

Back 69

Hose roller

Front 70

The_____ is most often used by the first arriving engine company at the scene of a fire. This method allows the engine company to establish a water supply without assistance from another company

Back 70

Forward hose lay

Front 71

The ____ is performed with the hose placed on its edge. In this loading technique, the hose is laid side-to-Side in the hose bed

Back 71

Accordion hose load