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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In rural areas, fire departments often depend on water from _______ sources to maintain their water supply.
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Static
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Water may be used from the static source directly or transported via a _________________________________ .
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mobile water supply tanker/tender
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Tenders/Tankers are designed to carry large volumes of water, ranging from _____ gallons to _____ gallons.
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500 gallons / 5000 gallons
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Dry or drafting hydrants have a __________ on one end and connect to a fire apparatus to supply water from a _______ source.
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Strainer / Static
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_______ ________ are carried on fire apparatus and can hold between 600 (2,727 liters) and 5000 gallons (22,730 liters) of water. These tanks can be set up quickly and linked together to increase the water storage capacity.
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Portable Tanks
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Municipal water systems make clean water available to people in populated areas and provide water for fire protection. ___________ make this water supply available to the fire department.
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Hydrants
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Municipal water systems can draw water from wells, rivers, or lakes; they carry the water via ________ or canals to a water treatment facility, and then to the ________ __________ __________, a complex network of underground pipes.
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Pipelines / water distribution system
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Most municipal water supply systems use both _____ and ______ to deliver water.
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Pumps / Gravity
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Underground water mains come in several sizes. ________ , or ___________, carry large quantities of water to a section of a city. Smaller mains, or________ , distribute water to a smaller area. The smallest pipes, or ___________, carry water to the users and hydrants along individual streets.
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Large Mains/Primary Feeders; Secondary Feeders; Distributors
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_________ are located at the connection points where the underground mains meet the ___________ pipes. These valves can be used to prevent water flow if the water system in the building or the fire hydrant is damaged.
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Shut-off valves / Distributor
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The two types of fire hydrants are ___________ hydrants and _________ hydrants.
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wet-barrel/dry-barrel
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Wet-barrel hydrants are used in areas where temperatures do not _________________ . These hydrants do not have to be drained after each use.
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drop below freezing
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Dry-barrel hydrants are used in areas where temperatures drop below freezing. When this type of hydrant is not in use, the ________________.
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barrel must be dry
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Fire hydrants are located according to _________ ________ and __________ ___________ ____________. In many communities, hydrants are located at every street intersection.
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local standards / nationally recommended practices
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Fire fighters must be proficient in operating fire hydrants, including the tasks of _________ the hydrant, ________ the hydrant, and _______ the hydrant.
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Turning on / Shutting Off / Inspecting
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The flow or quantity of water moving through a pipe, hose, or nozzle is described in terms of its ______, usually specified in ___________________.
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Volume / units of gallons (or liters) per minute
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Water pressure refers to an ____________ and is measured in units of psi (or kilopascals). Volume and pressure are two different, but mathematically related, ______________.
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energy level / measurements
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Water that is not moving has potential (_________) energy. When the water is moving, it has a combination of ________ energy and _________ (in motion) energy. Both the quantity of water flowing and the pressure under a specific set of conditions must be measured when testing any water system, including hydrants.
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static / potential / kinetic
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Static pressure is created by ___________ pressure and/or _______ pressure.
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elevation / pump
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__________ ___________ refers to the amount of pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal consumption.
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Normal operating pressure
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________ ___________ is the amount of pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing.
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Residual pressure
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______________ measures the quantity of water flowing through an opening. A __________ is used to measure __________ in psi (kPa) and to calculate the flow in gallons per minute (liters per minute).
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Flow pressure / Pitot gauge / flow pressure
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Knowing the ___________, the _______ in gallons per minute, and the _____________ enables fire fighters to calculate the amount of water that can be obtained from a hydrant or a group of hydrants on the same water main.
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static pressure; flow; residential pressure
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Fire hoses are used as supply hoses and as attack hoses. ____________ are used to deliver water from a static source or from a fire hydrant to an attack engine. ___________ range in size from 1 inch to 6 inches (25 mm to 152 mm).
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Supply hoses; Fire hoses
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Small-diameter hose (SDH) ranges in size from ___ ____to ____ _______(25 mm to 50 mm) in diameter. It is commonly used for attack lines.
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1 Inch / 2 inches
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Medium-diameter (MDH) hose has a diameter of ___ _______ or ___ ________ (65 mm or 76 mm). It is used for both attack and supply lines.
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2½ / 3 inches
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Large-diameter hose (LDH) has a diameter of ___________ (88 mm) or more. It is used for supply lines.
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3½ inches
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Fire hose is constructed with an ________________ surrounded by either one or two outer layers.
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inner waterproof liner
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___________ are used to connect individual lengths of fire hose together. They are also used to connect a hose line to a hydrant, to an intake or discharge valve on an engine, or to a variety of nozzles, fittings, and appliances. A __________ is permanently attached to each end of a section of fire hose.
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Couplings / Couplings
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The two types of couplings are ________ couplings and __________ couplings.
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threaded / Storz-type
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Threaded couplings are used on most hoses up to __________ in diameter and on soft suction hose and hard suction hose. Threaded couplings consist of a male coupling and a female coupling.
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3 inches (76 mm)
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Storz-type couplings are _________ on both ends.
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the same
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Supply hose can either be _____ suction or ______ suction.
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soft / hard
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Soft suction hose is a short section of LDH that is used to connect a fire department engine directly to the ____________________ on a hydrant. It has a female connection on each end, with one end matching the local hydrant threads and the other end matching the threads on a large-diameter inlet to the engine.
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large steamer outlet
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A hard suction hose is a special type of supply hose that is used to _________ __________ from a static source such as a river, lake, or portable drafting basin. It is designed to remain ______ and will not collapse when a vacuum is created in the hose to draft the water into the pump. It can also be used to carry water from a fire hydrant to the pumper.
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draft water / rigid
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Fire hose should be inspected and tested following the procedures in NFPA ________.
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1962
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The most common causes of hose damage are:
1) 2) 3) 4) |
1) Mechanical damage
2) heat and cold damage 3) chemical damage 4) mildew damage |
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Visual hose inspections should be performed at least __________. A visual inspection of hose should be performed after each use. If any defects are found, the length of hose should be ____________________________.
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quarterly / marked and removed from service
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Hose appliances include wyes, gated wyes, water thieves, Siamese connections, __________, reducers, hose jackets, _________, and hose clamps.
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adaptors / hose rollers
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Rolled hose is ______ and __________ _____ _________. A fire hose can be rolled many different ways, depending on how it will be used. Follow the SOPs of your department when rolling hose.
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compact / easy to manage
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The objective of laying a supply line is to deliver water from a hydrant or a static water source to _________________. In most cases, this operation involves laying a ___________ out of the bed of the fire apparatus as the vehicle drives forward. It can be done using either a _________________________________.
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an attack engine / continuous hose line / forward lay or a reverse lay
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A ________ _________ starts at the hydrant and proceeds toward the fire; the hose is laid in the same direction as the water flows—from the hydrant to the fire.
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forward lay
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A ________ _________ involves laying the hose from the fire to the hydrant; the hose is laid in the opposite direction to the water flow.
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reverse lay
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A ____________ __________ _________ is performed by two engine companies in situations where hose must be laid in two different directions to establish a water supply. The attack engine drops the end of its supply hose at the corner of the street and performs a forward lay toward the fire. The supply engine stops at the same intersection, pulls off enough hose to connect to the end of the supply line that is already there, and then performs a reverse hose lay to the hydrant or static water source. With the two lines connected together, the supply engine can pump water to the attack engine.
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split hose lay
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The hose must be ___________ ____________ from the hose bed, without kinks or twists, and without the possibility of becoming caught or tangled.
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easily removable
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The ideal hose load would be easy to load, avoid ____________________ on the hose, have few ________ bends, and allow the hose to play out of the hose bed smoothly and easily.
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wear and tear / sharp
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Several different techniques are used to carry and advance supply hose. The best technique for a particular situation will depend on the size of the hose, the _________ over which it must be moved, and the number of fire fighters available to perform the task.
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distance
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Several different techniques are used to carry and advance supply hose. The same techniques can be used for both _________ lines and ___________ lines.
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Supply / Attack
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Whenever possible, a hose line should be laid out and positioned ____________________ to the location where it will be operated before it is __________________.
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as close as possible / charged with water
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A ____________ line is much heavier and more difficult to maneuver than a dry hose line.
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charged
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A suitable amount of ______ ______ should be available to allow for maneuvering after the line is charged.
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extra hose
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