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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cerebral Commissures
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Tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres
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Lateralization of function
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The unequal representation of various psychological functions in the two hemispheres of the brain
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Split -brain patients
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Commissurotomized patients
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Aphasia
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A brain damage produced deficit in the ability to use or comprehend language
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Broca's area
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The area of the inferior prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere hypothesized by Broca to be the center of speech production
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Apraxia
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A disorder in which patients have great difficulty performing movements when asked to do so out of context but can readily perform them spontaneously in natural situations
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Dominant hemisphere
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A term used in the past to refer to the left hemisphere , based on the incorrect assumption that the left hemisphere is dominant in all complex behavioral and cognitive activities.
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Minor hemisphere
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A term used in the past to refer to the right hemisphere, based on the incorrect assumption that the left hemisphere is dominant.
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Sodium amytal test
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A test involving the anesthetization of first one cerebral hemisphere and then the other to determine which hemisphere plays the dominant role in language.
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Dichotic listening test
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A test of language lateralization in which two different sequences of three spoken digits are presented simultaneously, one to each ear, and the subject is asked to report all of the digits heard.
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Dextrals
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Right-handers
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Sinestrals
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Left- handers
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Corpus callosum
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The largest cerebral commissure
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Cross- cutting
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Nonnueral communication between hemispheres that have been separated by commissurotomy
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Helping-hand phenomenon
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The redirection of one hand of a split-brain patient by the other hand
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Visual completion
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The completion or filling in of a scotoma by the brain
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Chimeric figures test
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A test of visual completion in split brain subjects that uses pictures composed of the left and right halves of two different faces
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Interpreter
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A hypothetical mechanism that is assumed to reside in the left hemisphere and that continuously assesses patterns of events and tries to make sense of them
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Frontal operculum
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The area of prefrontal cortex that in the left hemisphere is the location of Broca's area
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Planum temporale
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an area of temporal lobe cortex that lies in the posterior region of the lateral fissure and, in the left hemisphere roughly corresponds to Wernicke's area
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Heschl's gyrus
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the temporal lobe gyrus that is the location of primary auditory cortex
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Motor theory of speech perception
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the theory that the perception of speech involves activation of the same areas of the brain that are involved in the production of speech
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Wernicke's area
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the area of the left temporal cortex hypothesized by Wernicke to be the center of language comprehension.
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Expressive
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Pertaining to the generation of language; that is, pertaining to writing or talking
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Broca's aphasia
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a hypothetical disorder of speech production with no associated deficits in language comprehension.
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Receptive
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Pertaining to the comprehension of language and speech
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Wernicke's aphasia
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A hypothetical disorder of language comprehension with no associated deficits in speech production
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Conduction aphasia
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Aphasia that is thought to result from damage to the neural pathway between Broca's area and Wernicke's area.
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Angular gyrus
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The gyrus of the posterior cortex at the boundary between the temporal and parietal lobes, which in the left hemisphere is thought to play a role in reading
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Alexia
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A specific inability to read; one that does not result from general visual, motor , or intellectual deficits
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Agraphia
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A specific inability to write; one that does not result from general visual,motor, or intellectual deficits.
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Wernicke-Geschwind model
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An influential model or cortical language localization in the left hemisphere
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Global aphasia
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severe disruption of all language - related abilities
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Phoneme
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the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes among carious words in a language
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Phonological analysis
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analysis of the of the sound of language
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Grammatical analysis
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analysis of the structure of language
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Sematic analysis
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analysis of the meaning of language
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Dyslexia
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a pathological difficulty in reading, one that does not result from general visual, motor , or intellectual deficits
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Developmental dyslexia
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Dyslexias that become apparent when a child tries to learn to read but has little success
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Acquired dyslexias
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dyslexias caused by brain damage in people already capable of reading
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Lexical procedure
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a procedure for reading aloud that is based on specific stored information acquired about written word
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Surface dyslexia
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A reading disorder in which the lexical procedure is disrupted while the phonetic procedure is not
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Deep dyslexia
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A reading disorder in which the phonetic procedure is disrupted while the lexical procedure is not
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Hemispherectomy
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The removal of one cerebral hemisphere
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