Chapter 16: Abnormal Conditions

Front 1

acne

Back 1

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
Acne vulgaris: caused by buildup of sebum and keratin in the pores of the skin
blackhead or open comedo: is a sebum plug partially blocking the pore
whitehead: when the pore becomes completely blocked, is a closed comedo.

Front 2

burns

Back 2

injury to tissues caused by heat contact.
1st degree burns: superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia and no blisters
2nd degree burn: Partial thickness burn injury: epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
3rd degree burn: full-thickness burn injury, epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin) and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue

Front 3

cellulitis

Back 3

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
areas of poor lymphatic drainage are susceptible to this skin infection

Front 4

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Back 4

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions.
is a chronic/acute atopic dermatitis rash begins on face, hands elbows, or knees. Is seen with intense pruritus and occurs with people who have a family history of allergic conditions.

Front 5

exanthematous viral diseases

Back 5

Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection.
Examples are: rubella (German measles),
rubeola (measles), and varicella (chickenpox).
erythema infectiosum is common and the hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

Front 6

gangrene

Back 6

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply.
results from injury, inflammation, frostbite, and diseases like diabetes or arteriosclerosis

Front 7

impetigo

Back 7

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
Is a contagious pyoderma and usually is caused by staphylococci or streptococci.

Front 8

psoriasis

Back 8

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales.
Involves the forearms, knees, legs and scalp.
Isn't infectious or contagious but is caused by increased growth of the basal layer in the epidermis.
is an autoinflammatory disease run in families.
Treatment is palliative: relieving but not curing and includes topical lubricants, keratolytics, and steroids.
other treatments are psoralen-ultraviolet, a light therapy and immunomodulators

Front 9

scabies

Back 9

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus.
Commonly affects areas like the groin, nipples, and skin between the fingers. Treatment is with topical medicated cream to destroy the scabies mites (tiny parasites).

Front 10

scleroderma

Back 10

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
Scar-like tissue forms in the skin and heart, lungs kidneys, and esophagus.
Skin is hard/rigid, and is both depigmented and hyperpigmented.
Is an autoimmune disease for which palliative treatment consists of immunosuppresive and anti-inflammatory agents, antifibrotics and physical therapy.

Front 11

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 11

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs.
Creates a butterfly pattern of redness over the cheeks and nose, but can spread everywhere if severe.
Is primarily a woman's disease and is an autoimmune disorder

Front 12

discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

Back 12

a photosensitive, scaling, plaque-like eruption of the skin confined to the face, scalp, ears, chest, arms and back which heals with scarring.

Front 13

lupus vulgaris

Back 13

cutaneous form of tuberculosis

Front 14

tinea

Back 14

Infection of the skin caused by a fungus
Tinea corporis: ringworm, pattern is like a ring. Is highly contagious and causes severe pruritus
Examples: tinea pedis: athlete's foot,
tinea capitis: on the scalp, tinea barbae: affecting the skin under a beard, and tinea unguium: affecting the nails.
Treatment is with antifungal agents.

Front 15

urticaria (hives)

Back 15

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
Result from reactions to foods or medicine. or animal dander, insect bites, and pollen.
Histamine is released into the bloodstream causing pruritus and edema (swelling).
Angioedema: swelling around the face.

Front 16

vitiligo

Back 16

Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches).
Is a form of leukoderma. The skin changes result from an autoimmune process and there is an increased association of vitiligo with autoimmune disorders like thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus.