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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define fossils...
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recognizable, physical evidence of an organisim that lived in the past.
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Genetic equilibrium is...
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the frequencies of alleles at a given gene locus remain stable, one generation after the next.
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Inbreeding refers to what?
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to nonrandom mating among closely related individuals, which have many identical alleles in common. Inbreeding is a form of genetic drift in a small poulation- that is within the group of relatives that are preferentially interbreeding.
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A bottleneck is what?
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a severe reduction in population size, as brought about by in tense selection pressure or natural calamity.
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Define population:
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A group of individuals of the same species occupying to a given area.
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What is lethal mutaion?
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a mutation that has severe effects on pheotype usually will result in death.
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Define allele frequencies...
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the abundance of each kind of allele in the population.
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Define gene pool...
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a pool of genetic resources that in theory at least is shared by all members of a population and passed on to the next generation.
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Polymophism is?
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the persistance of two qualivily different forms of a trait in a population.
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What is Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
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A population can evolve (change over time) when individuals differ in one or more heritable traits that are responsible for differences in the ability to survive and reproduce.
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Fixation is what?
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means that only one kind of allele remains at a particular locus in the population; all individuals are homozygous for it.
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Define biogeography...
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the world distribution of organisms.
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What is a sampling error?
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A rule of probability, helps explain the difference.
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A neutral mutation is what?
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does not help or harm an individual. Natural selcetion can neither increase nor decrease the frequency of neutral mutations in a population, for hese do not have any discernible effect on the individual's change of surviving or reproducing.
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Define theory of uniformity...
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gradual, uniformly repetitive change.
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What is genetic drift?
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a random change in allele frequencies over generations, brought about by chance alone.
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We define biological evolution as ...
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heritabel changes in lineages, or lines of decent.
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Microevolution is ?
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refers to small-scale changes in allele frequenceis, as brought about by mutation, natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift.
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Directional selection is?
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Allele frequencies that underlie a range of variation in phenotyples shift in a consistent direction. The shifts occur in reponse to a directional change in the environment or to one or more new environmental conditions. They also occur when a mutation appears and proves to be adapative.
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Mutation rate is what?
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the probability of its mutation during or in between DNA replications.
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Define comparative morphologly
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the systematic study of similariteis and ifferences in the body plans between major groups, such as different kinds of vertebrates.
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Disruptive selection is what?
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forms at both ends of the range of variation are favored and intermediate forms are selected against.
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