Chapter 16 & 17 Psychology

Front 1

abnormal psychology

Back 1

harmful dysfunction where behavior is judge to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

Front 2

early theories

Back 2

abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out, trephining was often used

Front 3

DSM-IV

Back 3

diagnostic statistic manual of mental disorders; big book of disorders
- classifies disorders and describes the symptoms
-will not explain causes or possible cures

Front 4

neurotic disorders

Back 4

distressing but on can still function in society and act normally

Front 5

psychotic disorders

Back 5

person loses contact with reality and experiences distorted perceptions

Front 6

anxiety disorders

Back 6

conditions where anxiety or defenses against anxiety, patient fears something awful will happen to them, they're in a state of intense fear

Front 7

phobias

Back 7

person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread, irrational fear, more than 1000 of them

Front 8

generalized anxiety disorder

Back 8

-a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
-patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, oversensitive, can't concentrate, suffers from insomnia

Front 9

panic disorder

Back 9

marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread where a person experiences terror, chest pain, choking, and other frightening situations

Front 10

obsessive compulsive disorder

Back 10

persistent unwanted thoughts that cause someone to feel the need to engage in a particular action

Front 11

post-traumatic stress

Back 11

flashbacks or nightmares following a person's involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event

Front 12

somatoform disdorder

Back 12

occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom

Front 13

hypochondriasis

Back 13

frequent physical for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause
minor issues are indicative for more severe illnesses

Front 14

conversion disorder

Back 14

existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason

Front 15

dissociative disorder

Back 15

involve disruption in the conscious process

Front 16

psychogenic amnesia

Back 16

person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for disruption in memory
-retrograde amnesia

Front 17

dissociative fugue

Back 17

people with psychogenic amnesia that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment

Front 18

dissociative identity disorder

Back 18

person has several rather than one integrated personality
people with DID commonly have a history of child abuse or trauma

Front 19

major depression

Back 19

unipolar depression
unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause
depression is common cold of psychological disorders

Front 20

seasonal affective disorder

Back 20

experience depression during winter months
based on amount of sunlight, treated with light therapy

Front 21

dipolar disorder

Back 21

involve periods of depression and manic episodes
manic episodes involve feelings of high energy
engage in risky behavior during manic episode

Front 22

personality disorder

Back 22

well established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively effect people's ability to function
dominates their personality

Front 23

antisocial personality disorder

Back 23

lack of empathy, little regard for other's feelings, view the world as hostile and look out for themselves

Front 24

dependent personality disorder

Back 24

rely too much on attention and help of others

Front 25

histrionic personality disorder

Back 25

needs to be center of attention
whether acting silly or dressing provocatively

Front 26

narcissistic personality disorder

Back 26

having an unwarranted sense of self importance
thinking that you are the center of the universe

Front 27

obsessive compulsive disorder

Back 27

overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors
not as extreme as ocd anxiety

Front 28

schizophrenic disorders

Back 28

about 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia
symptoms of schizophrenia:
disorganized thinking
disturbed perceptions
inappropriate emotions and actions

Front 29

disorganized thinking

Back 29

the thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs
disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention - cannot filter out information

Front 30

delusions

Back 30

delusions of persecution
delusions of grandeur

Front 31

disturbed perceptions

Back 31

hallucination of sensory experiences without sensory stimulation

Front 32

inappropriate emotions and actions

Back 32

laugh at inappropriate times
flat effect: lack of emotion
senseless, compulsive acts
catatonia: motionless waxy flexibility

Front 33

positive vs. negative symptoms

Back 33

positive: presence of inappropriate symptoms
negative: absence of appropriate symptoms

Front 34

disorganized schizophrenia

Back 34

disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion
clang associations: focus on sound, not meaning (speaking)

Front 35

paranoid schizophrenia

Back 35

preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations
somebody is out to get me!

Front 36

catatonic schizophrenia

Back 36

flat effect
waxy flexibility
parrot like repeating of another's speed and movements

Front 37

other disorders

Back 37

paraphilias
fetishism
sadist, masochist
eating disorders
substance use disorders
ADHD

Front 38

the rosenhan study

Back 38

rosenhan's associates were malingering symptoms of hearing voices
they were all admitted for schizophrenia
none were exposed as impostors
they all left diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission

Front 39

therapy

Back 39

used to be that if someone exhibited abnormal behavior, they were institutionalized
because of new drugs and better therapy, the US went to a policy of deinstitutionalization

Front 40

psychoanalytic therapy

Back 40

unconscious transference
other therapies will result in symptom substitution

Front 41

humanistic therapy

Back 41

client-centered therapy by carl rogers
these are non-directive therapies and use active listening
self-actualization, free will and unconditional positive regard
Gestalt Therapy by Fritz Perls encourages clients to get in touch with whole self

Front 42

Behavioral Therapies

Back 42

counterconditioning
-classical conditioning
--flooding
--aversive conditioning
--systematic desensitization
-operant conditioning
--token economy

Front 43

cognitive therapy

Back 43

change the way we view the world

Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Therapy

Front 44

Psychopharmacology

Back 44

antipsychotics - thorazine, haldol
anti-anxiety - valium, barbiturates, xanax
mood disorders - serotonin, reuptake inhibitors
bipolar - lithium

Front 45

somatic therapy

Back 45

electroconvulsive therapy - for depression (a brief electric current)
psychosurgery (remove/destroy brain tissues to change behavior)
prefrontal lobotomy (cut nerves in brain to control inner brain)

Front 46

group therapy

Back 46

therapist-led small groups
cheaper, work better on family, group issues
social context - self-help, support group