Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Front 1

Four major components (“D-definitions”) of abnormal behavior:

1. (Personal) Distress

2. Dangerous to self or others

3. Disability or dysfunction (maladaptive according to King)

4. Deviation from the norm (statistical, cultural, developmental, and historical norms)

Back 1

1. Personal Distress- Negative stress. ex: Ted Bundy never felt personal distress ended up killing many women.

2. Dangerous to self or other- The vast majority they are not dangerous only a couple (small percentage)

3. Dysfunction- not adapting to life.

4. Deviation- If they deviate from the form then their abnormal.

Front 2

Theoretical approaches:

Biopsychosocial: Vulnerability-stress hypothesis(diathesis-stress model)

Back 2

Vulnerability-stress hypothesis or diathesis-stress model: Theory suggesting that preexisting conditions (such as genetic, characteristics, personality depositions, or experiences) may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

Front 3

The DSM classification system:

1. What is it? Why is it controversial? Why is it useful?

2. Five “Axes” from earlier editions of the DSM: Information needed for diagnosis and treatment

Back 3

1. DSM: Diagnosis and Statistical manual for mental disorder. Published by the American Psychiatric Association. Controversial because when the first book was published their was only 59 mental disorders and now (2015) theirs 300. Also some of those disorders are not real. Its useful to diagnosis people and

2. 1. Does this person has a clinical syndrome that can be cured?

2.Personality disordered or 'mental retardation'

3. General medication condition. (connect to disorder)

4. Psych-social + Environmental problems (how much distress)

5. Global assessment of functioning (family, work, school)- too see how it progresses, to see what their 'normal' function.

Front 4

Psychological disorders:

1. Anxiety disorders- What are they? Examples: Panic disorder, phobias,OCD, PTSD – what are they?

Back 4

1. Anxiety disordered- Disabling (uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disordered that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts.

2. Panic disorder: Anxiety disorder in which the individual experience recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning or no specific cause.

3. Specific phobia- persistence fear of a particular object or situation.

4. Obsessive- compulsive disordered (OCD)- Psychological disorder which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that would not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive,ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situations.

5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder- Psychological disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a mental or an unnatural disasters.

Front 5

2. Mood disorders - What are they? Examples: MDD, bipolar – what are

Back 5

Mood disorders: Disorder involving emotions and life experience.

MDD: Psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics such as lethargy and hopelessness for at least two weeks.

Bipolar: Psychological disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episode of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

Depressive Disorder: Psychological disorders in which the individual suffers from depression- an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

Front 6

Psychological disorders:

4. Schizophrenia – What is it?

a. Positive vs.negative symptoms – what are they?

Back 6

Schizophrenia: Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering from schizophrenia may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.

Negative: Hallucination, delusions, referential thinking, catatonia

Positive: thought disorder, movement disorder,