Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders

Front 1

The Medical Model

Back 1

a concept that proposes it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

Front 2

Diagnosis

Back 2

the act of distinguishing one illness from another.

Front 3

Etiology

Back 3

the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

Front 4

Prognosis

Back 4

a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Front 5

What are the three Criteria of Abnormal Behavior?

Back 5

1.Deviance
2.Maladaptive Behavior
3.Personal Distress

Front 6

Comorbidity

Back 6

the coexistence of two or more disorders

Front 7

Epidemiology

Back 7

the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population

Front 8

What percent of the world suffer from a psychological disorder?

Back 8

1/3 ≈ 33.3%

Front 9

What are the three most common types of psychological disorders?

Back 9

1. Substance disorders
2. Anxiety disorders
3. Mood disorders

Front 10

Anxiety Disorders

Back 10

a class of disorders marked by feeling of excessive apprehension and anxiety

Front 11

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Back 11

disorder is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.

(People who worry about EVERYTHING.)

Front 12

Phobic Disorder

Back 12

disorders marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

(Type of Anxiety Disorder)

Front 13

Panic Disorder

Back 13

a disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

Front 14

Agoraphobia

Back 14

a fear of going out to public places.

(a common complication of Panic Disorders)

Front 15

What are Obsessions?

Back 15

THOUGHTS that repeatedly intrude on ones consciousness in a distressing way.

Front 16

What are Compulsions?

Back 16

ACTIONS that one feels forced to carry by there own body.

Front 17

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 17

disorder marked by persistent, uncontrollable instructions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions).

Front 18

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 18

disorders that involve enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event.

(Type of Anxiety Disorder, War Veterans)

Front 19

What is the concept of preparedness?

Back 19

a concept that suggest that people are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears much easier that others. Also known as "an evolved module for fear learning".

(Martin Seligman)

Front 20

Dissociative Disorders

Back 20

a class of disorders in which people lose contact with potions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruption in their sense of identity.

Front 21

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 21

a sudden loss of memory of important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

Front 22

Dissociative Fugue

Back 22

a situation where people lose the memory of their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity.

Front 23

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Back 23

the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities.

(A.K.A multiple personality disorder)
(Commonly confused with schizophrenia)

Front 24

Mood Disorders

Back 24

a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought process.

(Common amongst celebrities)

Front 25

Prevalence

Back 25

How often symptoms are seen in a population.

Front 26

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Back 26

disorder in which people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

Front 27

Anhedonia

Back 27

a diminished ability to experience pleasure.

Front 28

What does it mean to ruminate?

Back 28

to think deeply, usually about something bad.

(Greater occurrence in women)

Front 29

Bipolar Disorder

Back 29

disorder characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression.

(formally known as manic depressive disorder)

Front 30

Does negative thinking cause Depression?

Back 30

yes

Front 31

Schizophrenic Disorders

Back 31

a class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior.

Front 32

Disturbed thoughts are to schizophrenia, whereas disturbed ______________ are to mood disorders.

Back 32

emotions

Front 33

Delusions

Back 33

false beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.

Front 34

Hallucinations

Back 34

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input.

(Hear thing and/or see things)

Front 35

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Back 35

schizophrenia dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur.

Front 36

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Back 36

schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.

Front 37

Disorganized Schizophrenia

Back 37

schizophrenia marked by a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.

Front 38

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Back 38

schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms.

Front 39

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 39

behavioral deficits such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

Front 40

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 40

behavioral excesses or peculiarity, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

Front 41

What neurotransmitter is most associated with schizophrenia?

Back 41

Dopamine

Front 42

People with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged_______________.

Back 42

Ventricles

Front 43

What is the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Back 43

a theory that states that schizophrenia is cause by various disruptions in the normal maturational processes of the brain before or at birth.

Front 44

Personality Disorders

Back 44

a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning.