Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
meta analysis |
statistical procedure that combines data from different studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of specific effects |
|
|
evolutionary social psychology |
an extension of evolutionary psychology that views complex social behaviour as adaptive, helping the individual kin and species as a whole to survive |
|
|
averageness effect |
humans have evolved to prefer average faces to those with unusual or distinctive features |
|
|
proximity |
the factor of living close by is known to play an important role in early stages of forming a friendship |
|
|
familiarity |
as we become more familiar with a stimulus (even another person) we feel more comfortable with it and we like it more |
|
|
mere exposure effect |
repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object |
|
|
archival research |
non experimental method involving the assembly of data or reports if data collected by others |
|
|
assortative mating |
non random coupling of individuals based on their resemblance to each other on one or more characteristics |
|
|
similarity of attitudes |
a powerful and positive determinant of attraction |
|
|
self disclosure |
the sharing of intimate info and feelings with another person |
|
|
big five (ocean) |
the 5 major personality dimensions of openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism (stability) |
|
|
reinforcement affect model |
model of attraction which postulates that we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling (which itself is reinforcing) |
|
|
automatic activation |
according to Fazio attitudes have a strong evaluative link to situational cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory |
|
|
social exchange |
people often use a form of everyday economics when they weigh up the cost and benefits before deciding what to do |
|
|
behaviourism |
an emphasis on explaining observable behaviour in terms of reinforcement schedules |
|
|
cost - reward ratio |
Tenet of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is determined by calculating what it ill cost to be reinforced by that person |
|
|
minimax strategy |
in relating to others we try to minimise the cost and maximise the rewards that accrue |
|
|
profit |
this flow from a relationship when the rewards that accrue from continued interaction exceed the costs |
|
|
comparison level (CL) |
a standard that develops over time, allowing us to judge whether a new relationship is profitable or not |
|
|
equity theory |
a special case of social exchange theory that defines a relationship as equitable when the ratio of inputs to outcomes are seem to be the same by both partners |
|
|
equation for equity theory |
jacks outcomes / jacks inputs = jills outcomes / jills inputs e.g. (2/2 = 1/1) vs (2/1 not equal to 1/2) |
|
|
distributive justice |
the fairness of the outcome of a decision |
|
|
procedural justice |
the fairness of the procedures used to make a decision |
|
|
need to affiliate |
the urge to form connections and make contact with other people |
|
|
instinct |
innate drive or impulse genetically transmitted |
|
|
social comparison (theory) |
comparing our behaviours and opinions with those in order to establish the correct or socially approved way of thinking and believing |
|
|
hospitalism |
a state of apathy and depression noted among institutionalised infants deprived of close contact with a care giver |
|
|
attachment behaviour |
the tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the mother or primary caregiver |
|
|
attachment styles |
descriptions of the nature of people's close relationships, thought to be established in childhood (secure, avoidant, anxious) |
|
|
secure |
trust in others, not worried about being abandoned, belief that one is worthy and liked, find it easy to be close to others, comfortable being dependent on others and vice versa |
|
|
avoidant |
suppression of attachment needs, past attempts to intimate have been rebuffed, uncomfortable when close to others, finds it difficult to trust others or to depend on them, feel nervous when anyone gets close |
|
|
anxious |
concern that others will not reciprocate ones desire for intimacy, feel that a close partner doesnt really offer love or may leave, want to merge with someone and this can scare people away |
|
|
emotion in relationships model |
close relationships provide a context that elicits strong emotions due to the increased probability of behaviour interrupting interpersonal expectations |
|
|
love |
a combination of emotions thoughts and actions which are often powerful and usually associated with intimate relationships |
|
|
three factor theory of love |
Hatfield and Walster distinguished three components of what we label 'love' : a cultural concept of love, an appropriate person to love and emotional arousal |
|
|
three factor theory of love (1) |
a cultural determinant that acknowledges love as a state |
|
|
three factor theory of love (2) |
an appropriate love object present, in most cultures the norm is a member of the opposite sex and similar age |
|
|
three factor theory of love (3) |
emotional arousal, self-labelled 'love' that is felt when interacting with or even thinking about an appropriate love object |
|
|
consummate love |
Sternberg argues that this is the ultimate form of love, involving passion, intimacy and commitment |
|
|
Sternbergs triangle of love (3 factors) |
passion, commitment, intimacy |
|
|
infatuation |
passion |
|
|
empty love |
commitment |
|
|
liking (friendship) |
intimacy |
|
|
fatuous love |
passion and commitment |
|
|
romantic love |
passion and intimacy |
|
|
companionate love |
commitment and intimacy |
|
|
commitment |
the desire or intention to continue an interpersonal relationship |
|
|
self regulation |
strategies that we use to match our behaviour to an ideal or 'ought' standard |
|
|
partner regulation |
strategy that encourages a partner to match an ideal standard of behaviour |
|
|
relationship dissolution model |
Ducks proposal of the sequence through which most long term relationships proceed if they finally break down |
|
|
relationship breakdown |
a new life seems to be the only solution alternative partners are available there is an expectation the relationship will fail there is a lack of commitment to a continuing relationship |
|
|
stage one relationship dissolution model |
intrapsychic |
|
|
intrapsychic phase |
threshold: i can't stand this anymore focus on partners behaviour assess adequacy of partners performance assess negative and positive features of relationships consider cost of withdrawal face express/repress drama |
|
|
stage two relationship dissolution model |
dyadic |
|
|
dyadic phase |
threshold: I'd be justified in withdrawing face confrontation or avoidance dilemma negotiate in relationship talks attempt repair and reconciliation asses joint costs of withdrawal or reduced intimacy |
|
|
stage three relationship dissolution model |
social |
|
|
social phase |
threshold: i mean it negotiate post dissolution state with partner initiate gossip / discussion in social network create publicly negotiable face saving stories create publicly negotiable blame placing stories |
|
|
stage four relationship dissolution model |
grave dressing |
|
|
grave-dressing phase |
threshold: its now inevitable 'getting over' activity retrospection the post-mortem attribution public distribution of own version of break up |
|
|
balance theory |
people prefer attitude that are consistent with each other, over those that are inconsistent. A person (P) tries to maintain consistency in attitudes to and relationships with other people (O) and the elements of the environment (X) balanced triads have an even number of negatives and an odd number of positives |
